As we age, our bodies go through a natural process of change and decline. This can also apply to our brain’s cognitive function, resulting in a condition known as major neurocognitive disorder (NCD). Formerly called dementia, major NCD is a collective term for a group of disorders that affect memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform daily activities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 50 million people worldwide are living with NCD, and this number is expected to triple by 2050.
Major NCD is not a specific disease but rather a set of symptoms that can be caused by various underlying conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and vascular dementia. It is essential to understand the symptoms of major NCD because early detection and treatment can help slow down its progression and improve the quality of life of those affected.
Symptoms of Major NCD:
1. Memory loss: One of the most common symptoms of major NCD is memory loss. This can range from forgetting recent events or conversations to not being able to recall important information such as names, dates, and places. In the early stages of major NCD, individuals may forget about appointments or important tasks. As the condition progresses, they may struggle with long-term memories, such as childhood experiences.
2. Difficulty with language and communication: Individuals with major NCD may have trouble finding the right words to express themselves or understanding what others are saying. They may also struggle with following conversations or repeating the same words or phrases.
3. Confusion and disorientation: People with major NCD may become easily confused, especially in unfamiliar surroundings. They may also have trouble recognizing familiar faces or places. As the condition progresses, they may lose track of time and have difficulty understanding the sequence of events.
4. Changes in mood and behavior: Major NCD can also affect a person’s mood and behavior. They may become irritable, agitated, and easily frustrated. They may also experience changes in personality, becoming more withdrawn or apathetic. Some individuals may also exhibit signs of depression or anxiety.
5. Difficulty with daily tasks: As major NCD progresses, individuals may struggle with completing everyday tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and personal hygiene. They may also have trouble managing their finances or following a schedule.
6. Loss of motor skills: In the later stages of major NCD, individuals may experience a decline in motor skills, making it difficult to perform simple tasks such as tying shoelaces or buttoning a shirt. They may also have trouble walking and become more prone to falls.
It is essential to note that the symptoms of major NCD can vary from person to person and can also depend on the underlying cause. For example, individuals with Alzheimer’s disease may experience memory loss as their primary symptom, while those with Parkinson’s disease may experience more movement-related issues.
When to seek medical help:
If you or a loved one is experiencing any of the above symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical help. It is normal for older adults to have occasional memory lapses, but if these lapses become more frequent and affect daily life, it could be a sign of major NCD. A doctor will conduct a thorough evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and cognitive tests, to determine if there is an underlying cause for the symptoms.
Treatment options:
While there is currently no cure for major NCD, there are various treatment options available that can help manage the symptoms and slow down its progression. These include medication to manage symptoms such as memory loss and behavioral changes, therapy to improve cognitive function and communication skills, and lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise.
In conclusion, major neurocognitive disorder is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is essential to understand its symptoms and seek medical help if you or a loved one is experiencing any of them. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected by major NCD.
