Intracranial hypertension headache, also known as high pressure headache, is a neurological condition that causes increased pressure in the brain. The term “intracranial” refers to inside the skull, while “hypertension” means high pressure. This condition is commonly seen in young women and is often characterized by severe headaches that can mimic migraines. However, the underlying cause is not the same.
The brain is surrounded by a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which acts as a cushion and helps to protect the brain from damage. In a healthy individual, the production and drainage of CSF are in balance, maintaining a normal level of pressure in the brain. However, in cases of intracranial hypertension headache, the drainage of CSF is impaired, leading to an increase in pressure.
There are two types of intracranial hypertension headaches – primary and secondary. Primary intracranial hypertension headache, also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), occurs when there is no underlying cause. It is thought to be related to an imbalance in the production and absorption of CSF. Secondary intracranial hypertension headache is usually caused by an underlying medical condition such as a brain tumor, blood clot, or infection.
The most common symptom of intracranial hypertension headache is a severe and persistent headache that often worsens with movement. The pain is typically located at the back of the head or behind the eyes and can also cause a feeling of pressure inside the head. Other symptoms may include blurry vision, double vision, ringing in the ears, and neck pain.
In some cases, intracranial hypertension headache can lead to more severe complications like vision loss. This occurs when the increased pressure compresses the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the eye to the brain. If left untreated, permanent vision loss can occur.
The diagnosis of intracranial hypertension headache is made through a series of tests that measure the pressure inside the skull. These include a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, and imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan. The doctor may also perform a visual field test to assess any changes in vision.
Treatment for intracranial hypertension headache aims to reduce the pressure in the brain and relieve symptoms. This can be achieved through a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery. Medications such as diuretics, which help to reduce fluid retention, and pain relievers may be prescribed to manage symptoms. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss, reducing salt intake, and quitting smoking can also help to alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, a surgical procedure called a shunt may be recommended to drain excess CSF and relieve the pressure in the brain.
In conclusion, intracranial hypertension headache is a neurological condition that causes increased pressure in the brain. It can be a primary condition with no underlying cause, or it can be secondary to an underlying medical condition. The most common symptom is a severe and persistent headache that can lead to more severe complications if left untreated. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of intracranial hypertension headache to receive a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. With proper management, this condition can be effectively controlled, allowing individuals to lead a normal and pain-free life.
