Certain medications commonly used by seniors can cause confusion, especially because older adults often take multiple drugs at once, increasing the risk of side effects and interactions. Medications that frequently lead to confusion in seniors include anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, opioids, antipsychotics, and some antidepressants.
Anticholinergic drugs, found in some antihistamines and medications for bladder control, can impair memory and thinking by blocking neurotransmitters important for brain function. Benzodiazepines, used for anxiety or sleep, may cause or worsen delirium, a sudden state of confusion, especially in older adults. Opioids, prescribed for pain, can also contribute to cognitive impairment and delirium. Antipsychotics, sometimes given to seniors with dementia, carry risks of stroke and increased cognitive decline. Certain antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, may cause low sodium levels, which can lead to confusion.
Polypharmacy, the use of multiple medications, is common in seniors managing chronic conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or arthritis. This increases the chance of medication errors, such as taking duplicate drugs unknowingly or incorrect dosages, which can further contribute to confusion. Physical challenges like poor eyesight or arthritis can make managing medications harder, leading to missed or double doses.
Memory problems in seniors, including mild cognitive impairment or dementia, make medication management even more difficult. Forgetting doses, mixing up pills, or misunderstanding medication purposes are common issues. Pharmacists and caregivers play a key role in simplifying medication routines and helping prevent confusion.
Delirium, a sudden and temporary mental state change, often results from medications or underlying health problems. It is important to recognize symptoms like sudden confusion, difficulty focusing, or emotional changes and seek medical attention promptly. Preventing delirium involves careful medication review, avoiding high-risk drugs when possible, and monitoring for drug interactions.
Overall, medications that affect the brain’s neurotransmitters or have sedative effects are the most likely to cause confusion in seniors. Regular medication reviews by healthcare providers, clear communication among doctors and pharmacists, and support for seniors in managing their medications can reduce these risks.
Sources
https://americanmedicalcompliance.com/general/common-medication-errors-in-older-patients-and-how-to-prevent-them/
https://www.uab.edu/reporter/research-innovation/older-adults-are-taking-more-medicines-than-ever-this-doctor-studies-when-they-should-stop
https://www.greenwoodpharmacy.com/blogs/medication-support-for-seniors-with-memory-issues
https://thrivesl.com/blog/wandering-falls-medication-mix-ups-and-more-warning-signs-for-seniors-living-at-home/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delirium
https://aplaceathome.com/newton-ma/delirium-vs-dementia-key-differences-every-caregiver-should-know/
