Pinworm infection, caused by tiny white worms called Enterobius vermicularis, primarily affects the intestines and is especially common in children but can occur in adults too. The hallmark symptom of a pinworm infection is intense itching around the anus, particularly at night. This itching happens because female pinworms migrate out of the intestines to lay their eggs on the skin around the anus, causing irritation and discomfort.
The itching is often described as severe and persistent, leading to scratching that can worsen the irritation. This nocturnal itching tends to be worse in the late evening and early morning hours, disrupting sleep and causing restlessness. The sensation may not be limited to itching alone; some people report a prickling or crawling feeling around the anal area, which can be quite distressing.
Because of the intense itching, scratching the affected area is common, which can lead to redness, inflammation, and sometimes a rash around the anus. In some cases, this scratching can cause breaks in the skin, increasing the risk of secondary bacterial infections. In children, the itching and discomfort may also extend to the vaginal area, causing irritation there as well.
Beyond the local symptoms, some individuals with pinworm infections might experience additional signs such as:
– Difficulty sleeping or disturbed sleep patterns due to itching.
– Irritability or mood changes, especially in children, resulting from poor sleep and discomfort.
– Occasionally, mild abdominal pain or nausea, though these are less common.
– In rare cases, if the worms migrate to other areas, they can cause urinary tract irritation or vaginal infections.
It is important to note that not everyone infected with pinworms shows symptoms. Approximately one-third of infected individuals may be asymptomatic, meaning they carry the worms without noticeable signs.
The transmission of pinworms occurs through ingestion or inhalation of microscopic eggs, which can be found on contaminated hands, surfaces, bedding, or food. Because the eggs are easily spread, infections can recur if hygiene measures are not strictly followed.
In summary, the primary and most recognizable symptom of pinworm infection is intense anal itching, especially at night, often accompanied by scratching-induced redness and irritation. Other symptoms may include sleep disturbances, irritability, and occasional mild abdominal discomfort. Some infected individuals may not show any symptoms at all.
