Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva—the thin, transparent layer covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. Recognizing the signs of conjunctivitis is important because it can be caused by different factors such as viruses, bacteria, or allergies, and each type has distinct symptoms and treatment approaches.
One of the most obvious signs of conjunctivitis is **redness in one or both eyes**. This redness happens because the tiny blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed and more visible, giving the eye a bloodshot or pink appearance. The redness can range from mild to intense, depending on the severity and cause of the infection.
Along with redness, **itchiness or a burning sensation** is very common. Allergic conjunctivitis often causes intense itching, making the eyes feel very uncomfortable. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis may cause a burning or gritty feeling, as if there is sand or a foreign object in the eye.
**Discharge from the eye** is another key symptom, but its nature varies by type:
– In **viral conjunctivitis**, the discharge is usually watery or clear, sometimes slightly white, and the eyes may water excessively.
– In **bacterial conjunctivitis**, the discharge tends to be thicker, often yellow or greenish, and can cause the eyelids to stick together, especially after sleeping.
– In **allergic conjunctivitis**, the discharge is watery but without the thick mucus seen in bacterial infections.
Because of the discharge, many people with conjunctivitis experience **crusting of the eyelids or lashes**, especially in the morning. This crusting can make it difficult to open the eyes after sleep.
Another sign is **swelling of the eyelids or the conjunctiva itself**. The eyelids may look puffy or swollen, which can make blinking uncomfortable or even painful. This swelling is often more noticeable in allergic conjunctivitis but can occur in infectious types as well.
Some people with conjunctivitis also experience **sensitivity to light**, known as photophobia. Bright lights may cause discomfort or pain, making it hard to keep the eyes open in well-lit environments.
**Blurred or hazy vision** can occur temporarily due to excessive tearing or discharge covering the surface of the eye. This blurriness usually clears after blinking or wiping the eyes but can be concerning if it persists.
The symptoms often start in one eye and then spread to the other, especially in viral and bacterial conjunctivitis. This spread happens because the infection is contagious and can be transmitted by touching the infected eye and then the other eye or surfaces.
In viral conjunctivitis, symptoms often appear alongside or shortly after a cold or respiratory infection. You might notice swollen lymph nodes near the ears or under the jaw, which is a sign the body is fighting a viral infection.
Allergic conjunctivitis usually occurs in people with a history of allergies and is often accompanied by other allergy symptoms like sneezing or a runny nose. Unlike infectious types, allergic conjunctivitis does not cause swollen lymph nodes.
In mild cases, conjunctivitis might cause only slight irritation, mild redness, and occasional tearing. These symptoms might not interfere much with daily activities and can sometimes resolve without treatment. However, more severe cases can cause intense discomfort, persistent redness, heavy discharge, and swelling that may last for weeks if untreated.
If symptoms worsen, such as increasing pain, significant vision changes, or intense swelling, it is important to seek medical attention, as these could indicate complications or other eye conditions.
In summary, the signs of conjunctivitis include:
– Red or pink eyes due to inflamed blood vessels
– Itchy, burning, or gritty sensation in the eyes
– Water
