Donepezil, commonly prescribed for Alzheimer’s disease, is known to cause a range of side effects, some mild and others more serious. The most frequently reported side effects tend to affect the digestive system and the nervous system, but the medication can also impact the heart and urinary function.
The **most common side effects** include:
– **Nausea and vomiting:** These are among the most frequently experienced symptoms, often occurring early in treatment. They can sometimes be mild but may also lead to discomfort or loss of appetite.
– **Diarrhea:** This gastrointestinal disturbance is common and can vary in severity.
– **Loss of appetite:** Many patients notice a reduced desire to eat, which can contribute to weight loss over time.
– **Insomnia or trouble sleeping:** Difficulty falling or staying asleep is reported by some individuals taking donepezil.
– **Muscle cramps:** Some users experience muscle tightness or cramps, which can be uncomfortable.
– **Fatigue:** Feeling unusually tired or weak is another side effect that can affect daily functioning.
– **Dizziness:** This can range from mild lightheadedness to severe dizziness, sometimes leading to fainting episodes.
More serious but less common side effects include:
– **Irregular heartbeat (bradycardia):** Donepezil can slow the heart rate, which may be dangerous, especially for those with pre-existing heart conditions.
– **Gastrointestinal bleeding or stomach ulcers:** The medication can increase stomach acid, potentially causing ulcers or bleeding, particularly in people with a history of stomach problems.
– **Seizures:** Though rare, seizures have been reported and require immediate medical attention.
– **Urinary problems:** Difficulty urinating or urinary incontinence can occur.
– **Severe allergic reactions:** Symptoms such as swelling, rash, or trouble breathing need urgent care.
Other neurological or psychological effects sometimes reported include:
– **Hallucinations, nightmares, or vivid dreams:** Some patients experience changes in perception or unusual dreams.
– **Aggression or hostility:** Behavioral changes can occasionally occur.
– **Confusion or worsening cognitive symptoms:** While donepezil aims to improve cognition, paradoxical effects may happen in some cases.
Patients with certain medical conditions should exercise caution or discuss risks with their doctor before starting donepezil. These conditions include heart disease, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), epilepsy or seizure disorders, liver problems, and stomach ulcers.
Donepezil may also interact with other medications, such as anticholinergic drugs, which can reduce its effectiveness, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can increase the risk of stomach bleeding.
Some users report additional side effects like night sweats, sweaty palms, extreme weight loss, and muscle pain or cramps that can be severe enough to interfere with daily life. These symptoms may lead some to discontinue the medication.
Because donepezil can cause dizziness or drowsiness, caution is advised when driving or operating machinery. Alcohol consumption should generally be avoided as it may worsen side effects.
Overall, while many side effects are mild and transient, some can be serious and require medical attention. Patients are encouraged to communicate openly with their healthcare providers about any side effects experienced to manage them effectively and adjust treatment if necessary.
