People with autism face a range of health challenges that contribute to differences in life expectancy compared to the general population. The main causes of death in people with autism include a combination of physical health conditions, mental health issues, and systemic barriers to care.
One of the most significant causes of death among autistic individuals is **suicide**. Research shows that suicide rates are substantially higher in autistic people than in non-autistic populations, with estimates indicating that suicide attempts and completions can be 3 to 10 times more frequent. This elevated risk is particularly pronounced among autistic females and those with co-occurring mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. The presence of these mental health challenges is common in autism and greatly increases suicide risk. Additionally, autistic individuals often face “diagnostic overshadowing,” where their mental health symptoms are mistakenly attributed solely to autism, leading to inadequate treatment. Many autistic people also experience difficulties accessing appropriate mental health services, which exacerbates the risk of suicide and prevents timely intervention during crises. Social isolation, feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, and worthlessness further contribute to this heightened vulnerability[2][3][7].
Beyond mental health, **physical health issues** also play a critical role in mortality among autistic individuals. Co-occurring medical conditions such as epilepsy are more prevalent in autism and can be life-threatening if not properly managed. Epilepsy, in particular, is associated with an increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Other chronic health problems, including cardiovascular disease and respiratory issues, have been observed at higher rates in autistic populations. These conditions may be linked to genetic factors, lifestyle challenges, or difficulties in accessing healthcare tailored to the needs of autistic people. Moreover, some environmental and prenatal factors that contribute to autism risk—such as prematurity, severe birth complications, and low birth weight—may also predispose individuals to long-term health vulnerabilities[4].
Another factor influencing mortality is the **systemic barriers to healthcare** that autistic individuals often face. Many healthcare systems are not fully equipped to accommodate the sensory sensitivities, communication differences, and unique needs of autistic patients. This can lead to delayed diagnoses, inadequate treatment of both physical and mental health conditions, and poor management of chronic illnesses. The lack of tailored support and understanding within healthcare settings contributes to preventable deaths. For example, autistic adults may avoid seeking help during mental health crises due to previous negative experiences or a lack of autism-informed care, increasing the risk of fatal outcomes[2][7].
Additionally, lifestyle and social determinants of health impact mortality. Autistic individuals frequently experience social isolation, unemployment, and reduced access to community resources, which can negatively affect overall health and well-being. These factors may indirectly contribute to higher mortality by limiting opportunities for healthy living and timely medical intervention.
In terms of lifespan, studies suggest that autistic people tend to have a shorter average life expectancy, often ranging from the mid-50s to early 60s, compared to the general population, which typically lives into the late 70s or beyond. This gap is largely driven by the combined effects of increased suicide risk, epilepsy-related deaths, and other health complications compounded by systemic healthcare challenges[8].
Understanding the main causes of death in people with autism requires recognizing the complex interplay of mental health vulnerabilities, physical health conditions, and social and systemic factors. Addressing these issues involves improving access to specialized healthcare, enhancing mental health support tailored to autistic needs, and reducing social isolation. Early intervention and ongoing support can help mitigate some risks, but systemic changes in healthcare and social services are crucial to reducing preventable deaths in this population.





