Common autistic traits in women often differ from those typically recognized in men, partly because women tend to mask or camouflage their behaviors to fit social expectations. This masking can involve consciously or unconsciously imitating peers, forcing eye contact, rehearsing conversations, and suppressing repetitive behaviors, which makes their autism less visible and often leads to later or missed diagnoses.
Women with autism frequently experience social challenges such as difficulty forming and maintaining friendships, often resulting in one-sided or short-lived relationships. They may face bullying or social exclusion even in adult environments like college or the workplace. Unlike many autistic boys and men who might have fact-driven special interests (like trains or technology), autistic women’s special interests often align more closely with socially typical female interests, such as fictional characters, fantasy worlds, psychology, human behavior, or animals. These interests may be intense but are less likely to be recognized as autistic traits because they fit within expected gender norms.
Sensory processing differences are also common. Autistic women may be hypersensitive to sounds, lights, textures, or smells, finding certain fabrics or foods intolerable. Conversely, some may be hyposensitive, underreacting to sensory input. This sensory sensitivity can cause discomfort or overwhelm in everyday environments.
Communication difficulties include trouble understanding nonverbal cues like facial expressions and body language, taking things literally, and missing sarcasm or jokes. They may struggle with switching topics or adapting when plans change, sometimes feeling stuck or anxious in unpredictable situations.
Internally, autistic women often experience anxiety, obsessive thoughts, depression from social isolation, and may engage in self-harm behaviors such as skin-picking or hair-pulling. Because of masking and internalizing distress, mental health issues like anxiety and depression are common and can overshadow the recognition of autism itself.
Perfectionism and a strong need for control or routine are also frequent traits. Autistic women might feel a constant internal struggle balancing their authentic selves with societal expectations, leading to emotional exhaustion and burnout.
Overall, autistic women often present a complex picture: they may appear socially competent on the surface due to masking but experience significant internal challenges. Their special interests, sensory sensitivities, social difficulties, and mental health struggles form a unique constellation of traits that require sensitive understanding and gender-aware approaches for diagnosis and support.
