Tell me about causes of hydrocephalus in adults
Hydrocephalus is a condition that affects the brain and spinal cord, resulting in an accumulation of fluid in the brain. While this condition is commonly known to occur in infants and children, it can also develop in adults. In fact, about 40% of hydrocephalus cases occur in adults. However, unlike in infants where it is usually congenital, adult-onset hydrocephalus is often caused by underlying health conditions. In this article, we will discuss the common causes of hydrocephalus in adults.
Before we dive into the causes, let’s first understand what hydrocephalus is and how it affects the body. Our brain and spinal cord are protected by a clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This fluid plays a crucial role in cushioning and nourishing the brain and spinal cord. When there is an imbalance in the production or absorption of CSF, it can lead to an excess accumulation of fluid in the brain, leading to hydrocephalus.
The most common cause of adult-onset hydrocephalus is an obstruction in the flow of CSF. This obstruction can occur due to various reasons such as tumors, cysts, or inflammation in the brain. These blockages prevent the normal circulation of CSF, causing it to build up and increase the pressure on the brain. As a result, this can lead to symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vision problems, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
Another cause of adult hydrocephalus is a medical condition known as normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). In this condition, there is an increase in CSF without any blockages or obstructions. This can be due to an injury or infection that damages the brain’s ability to absorb CSF. NPH is often seen in older adults and can cause symptoms such as memory loss, difficulty walking, and urinary incontinence.
In some cases, hydrocephalus can also be caused by a condition called Chiari malformation. This is a structural defect in the base of the skull and cerebellum that can disrupt the normal flow of CSF. As a result, the fluid can accumulate in the brain, leading to hydrocephalus. Chiari malformation can be present at birth or develop later in life, often due to a genetic predisposition.
Certain infections can also contribute to the development of hydrocephalus in adults. Bacterial or viral infections such as meningitis or encephalitis can damage the brain tissue and interfere with the flow of CSF. These infections can also cause swelling, leading to increased pressure on the brain.
In rare cases, hydrocephalus can be acquired through head injuries or trauma to the brain. A severe blow to the head can cause bleeding or swelling, which can block the flow of CSF and lead to hydrocephalus. This is more common in adults who have suffered a traumatic brain injury.
It is essential to note that in some cases, the cause of hydrocephalus in adults may not be identified. This is known as idiopathic hydrocephalus, and its exact cause is unknown. It is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
In conclusion, there are various causes of hydrocephalus in adults, ranging from obstruction in the flow of CSF to underlying medical conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing this condition and preventing further complications. If you or a loved one experience symptoms of hydrocephalus, it is essential to consult a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment.
