Dementia is more common in poor populations compared to wealthy ones. Research shows that people with lower income, less education, and lower socioeconomic status have a higher risk of developing dementia[1][4][8].
Studies have found significant inequalities in dementia rates based on income, wealth, and education levels in both the United States and England. In the US, people in the lowest income group had much higher dementia rates than those with higher incomes[4]. Similar patterns were seen when looking at wealth and education levels.
There are several reasons why poorer populations may be at greater risk for dementia. People with lower incomes often have less access to quality healthcare, which can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment of conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes that increase dementia risk[8]. They may also face more challenges in maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and engaging in mentally stimulating activities that help protect brain health.
Additionally, people from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to experience chronic stress, depression, and social isolation – all of which have been linked to higher dementia risk[8]. Environmental factors like air pollution, which is often worse in low-income areas, may also play a role[8].
The effects of socioeconomic status on dementia risk seem to accumulate over a person’s lifetime. Having more education and a higher-paying, mentally engaging job appears to build up “cognitive reserve” that helps protect against dementia later in life[1][2].
While dementia can affect people of all backgrounds, the evidence clearly shows that those facing poverty and disadvantage are at significantly higher risk. This highlights the need for public health efforts and policies aimed at reducing these inequalities and improving access to education, healthcare, and resources that support long-term brain health across all segments of society[7].
Addressing the socioeconomic factors that contribute to dementia risk could potentially have a major impact on reducing dementia rates overall. Improving economic opportunities, education, healthcare access, and living conditions for disadvantaged populations may be key strategies for tackling the growing public health challenge of dementia.
