Dementia and autoimmune diseases seem to be linked, according to recent research. People who have autoimmune disorders may face a higher risk of developing dementia later in life.
A study published in February 2025 looked at electronic health records and found that individuals with autoimmune conditions were about 70% more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common form of dementia. The risk was especially high for people with autoimmune disorders affecting the skin, endocrine system, muscles and joints, and intestines[1].
This connection makes sense when we consider that both dementia and autoimmune diseases involve inflammation in the body. In autoimmune disorders, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. This ongoing inflammation may damage the brain over time, potentially contributing to cognitive decline and dementia.
Interestingly, the link between autoimmune diseases and dementia seems to be stronger in women. This could be because women are more likely to develop many autoimmune conditions in the first place[1].
It’s important to note that having an autoimmune disease doesn’t mean a person will definitely get dementia. Many other factors, like genetics, lifestyle, and overall health, also play a role. However, this research suggests that people with autoimmune disorders may benefit from extra attention to brain health as they age.
Scientists are still working to understand exactly how autoimmune diseases might increase dementia risk. One theory is that the constant inflammation caused by autoimmune disorders could damage blood vessels in the brain or directly harm brain cells[2]. Another possibility is that some of the medications used to treat autoimmune conditions might affect brain function over time.
This connection between autoimmune diseases and dementia opens up new avenues for research. If we can better understand how autoimmune conditions affect the brain, it might lead to new ways to prevent or treat dementia. For example, managing inflammation more effectively in people with autoimmune disorders could potentially help protect their cognitive health.
For now, if you have an autoimmune disease, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor about ways to support your brain health. This might include lifestyle changes like regular exercise, a healthy diet, staying socially active, and keeping your mind engaged with challenging activities. Managing your autoimmune condition well may also help reduce your overall inflammation levels, which could be beneficial for your brain in the long run.
Remember, while this research shows a link between autoimmune diseases and increased dementia risk, it doesn’t mean dementia is inevitable. Many people with autoimmune conditions never develop dementia, and researchers are working hard to find better ways to prevent and treat cognitive decline for everyone.
