Regaining strength after brain trauma is a gradual process that involves a combination of physical exercises, balance training, and cognitive rehabilitation. The brain and body need time and consistent effort to recover, so starting with gentle movements and progressively increasing intensity is key.
One of the first steps is to focus on **posture and neck strength**. Simple exercises like chin tucks, where you gently slide your chin backward to create a “double chin” without tilting your head, help strengthen deep neck muscles and improve head control. Lateral neck stretches, which involve tilting the ear toward the shoulder without shrugging, can relieve tension and improve flexibility. These exercises can be done seated or standing and repeated several times daily as tolerated, avoiding any sharp pain or dizziness[1].
Building core stability is also important. Seated trunk exercises such as seated marching, lateral trunk flexion (side bending), and weight shifts help create a stable base for balance and movement. These exercises improve control over the torso, which supports better posture and reduces strain on the neck and head[1].
Aerobic exercise plays a crucial role in recovery by improving overall fitness and brain function. Activities like walking on a treadmill, stationary cycling, or light elliptical training can be introduced once initial symptoms have stabilized. These exercises should be done at a heart rate that is safe and comfortable, gradually increasing duration and intensity under professional guidance. Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce inflammation in the brain, stimulate the growth of new neurons, and improve memory and cognitive function after brain injury[2][4].
Balance and coordination training are essential to reduce the risk of falls and improve mobility. Starting with simple standing exercises such as standing with feet together or in a staggered stance, and progressing to single-leg stands on firm and then unstable surfaces, helps retrain the brain’s ability to maintain equilibrium. Adding head movements or cognitive tasks like counting backward can further challenge and improve balance[2].
Strengthening exercises target muscles weakened by inactivity or injury. Common exercises include sit-to-stand movements to build leg strength, bicep curls with light weights or resistance bands for arm muscles, and side leg raises to strengthen hips and thighs. Squats and leg extensions help improve lower body strength and functional mobility. Upper back and shoulder blade strengthening through scapula setting exercises support better posture and reduce neck strain[3].
Cognitive rehabilitation is also a vital part of regaining strength after brain trauma. Brain injuries often affect memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. Cognitive exercises may involve memory aids like calendars and reminder apps, attention training through structured activities, and problem-solving tasks such as puzzles. These help rebuild mental functions and support daily living activities[5].
Throughout recovery, it is important to maintain joint flexibility and prevent stiffness by performing range-of-motion and stretching exercises regularly. This helps avoid contractures (permanent joint stiffness) and pressure sores caused by limited movement[5].
A personalized approach is recommended because each person’s recovery needs and tolerance for exercise vary. Working with healthcare professionals such as physical therapists ensures that exercises are safe, effective, and progressively challenging. Regular exercise, even at lower intensities, has been shown to improve motor skills, cognitive function, and overall quality of life after brain trauma[4].
Sources
https://chiropracticscientist.com/safe-posture-training-after-tbi-for-recovery/
https://www.cawleypt.net/resources/comprehensive-guide-to-concussion-rehabilitation-exercises/
https://healthmartuae.com/blogs/guides/rehabilitation-exercises-guide
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12639367/
https://bigapollospectra.com/blog/neurological-rehabilitation-tips-and-aftercare/
