Post Concussion Syndrome (PCS) occurs when symptoms from a concussion last longer than expected, typically beyond a few weeks to several months after the initial head injury. Recognizing PCS involves identifying a range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that persist and interfere with daily life.
Common physical symptoms include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and sensitivity to light and noise. People may also experience blurred or double vision, ringing in the ears, nausea, and neck pain, which can result from injury to the cervical spine during the concussion event. Sleep disturbances, such as difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much, are also frequent[1][2][3].
Cognitive symptoms often involve trouble concentrating, memory problems, feeling mentally foggy or slowed down, and difficulty following conversations or reading. Emotional changes like irritability, anxiety, depression, and mood swings are common and can significantly affect quality of life[1][2][6].
Symptoms may not appear immediately after the injury; they can develop hours or days later, making it important to monitor for delayed signs. Loss of consciousness, even briefly, is a strong indicator of brain injury, but many concussions occur without it. Persistent symptoms that worsen or prevent returning to work, school, or normal activities should prompt medical evaluation[2][4][5].
Doctors may use symptom questionnaires and screening tools to assess the type and severity of symptoms. These tools help identify profiles such as cognitive-fatigue, vestibular (balance), ocular (vision), mood, and cervical (neck) issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to managing PCS effectively. Treatment may include medication for headaches or anxiety, physical therapy for neck pain and balance problems, and cognitive rehabilitation[3][4][5].
If you or someone you know has experienced a head injury and continues to have symptoms like headaches, dizziness, memory issues, or mood changes beyond a few weeks, it is important to seek medical advice. Persistent post-concussion symptoms affect about 10 to 30 percent of concussion patients and require ongoing care to improve recovery[3][7].
Sources
https://www.covaspineandpain.com/diagnosis/post-concussion-syndrome
https://www.frlawpa.com/my-what-you-need-to-know-about-concussion-after-accident
https://www.concussionalliance.org/persisting-symptoms-after-concussion
https://ivyrehab.com/health-resources/concussion/treatment-for-post-concussion-syndrome/
https://www.uofmhealth.org/our-care/specialties-services/concussion-treatment-recovery
https://www.amenclinics.com/do-you-know-these-10-signs-of-post-concussion-syndrome/
https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/post-concussion-syndrome-why-your-symptoms-linger-how-to-recover
