Ginkgo biloba works inside the brain primarily through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. The extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves contains active compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids that help improve cognitive function by protecting nerve cells from damage and supporting their function. These compounds reduce oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body that can harm brain cells. By neutralizing free radicals, Ginkgo biloba helps prevent cell damage and supports brain health.
In addition to its antioxidant properties, Ginkgo biloba also reduces inflammation in the brain. Chronic inflammation is linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, and Ginkgo biloba helps lower pro-inflammatory molecules, which may slow down or reduce brain cell damage. It also appears to improve blood flow in the brain, which enhances oxygen and nutrient delivery to neurons, supporting better brain function.
Some studies suggest that Ginkgo biloba may influence brain signaling pathways that promote neuron survival and growth. For example, it may increase levels of neurotrophic factors—proteins that help neurons grow and stay healthy. This can improve memory, attention, and other cognitive abilities, especially in people with mild cognitive impairment or early stages of dementia.
Clinical research has shown that standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts can improve symptoms related to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, although results vary and more research is needed to fully understand its benefits and mechanisms. The extract is generally well tolerated with few serious side effects reported.
Sources
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1657169/full
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12609458/
https://eyewiki.org/Neuroprotection_in_Glaucoma
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41317578/
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/25158414251393125
