Can untreated depression cause memory damage over time? Yes, research shows that when depression goes untreated for a long time, it can lead to changes in the brain that affect memory, such as shrinking in key areas like the hippocampus.[1] This part of the brain helps turn short-term memories into long-term ones, and chronic depression slows down new neuron growth there, making it harder to store or recall information.[1]
People with untreated depression often notice memory problems right away. They might forget things quickly, struggle to focus, or have trouble making decisions.[1][3] These issues come from slowed brain activity and disrupted pathways in areas like the prefrontal cortex, which handles planning and concentration.[1] Unlike dementia, which worsens slowly over years and often goes unnoticed by the person, depression-related memory slips happen faster, and those affected usually complain about them.[1]
In older adults, the link is even stronger. Studies find that depression can cause forgetfulness, and at the same time, memory loss can worsen depressive feelings, creating a cycle.[3] Left alone, this might raise the risk for conditions like dementia later in life.[1][2] Brain fog, a foggy feeling with forgetfulness and low focus, can also tie into untreated depression through stress, poor sleep, and hormone changes that harm brain function.[2]
The good news is that the brain can bounce back. Treating the depression often reverses these memory issues thanks to the brain’s ability to heal and adapt.[1] Early help from doctors, therapy, or lifestyle changes makes a big difference before any lasting harm sets in.[3]
Sources
https://safesoundtreatment.com/does-depression-cause-memory-loss/
https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-bone-brain/content/brain-fog-syndrome
https://missionconnectionhealthcare.com/mental-health/depression/depression-in-older-adults/
https://www.thebrf.org/understanding-depression-in-dementia/
https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/depression-symptoms-and-warning-signs
