Dementia can definitely cause people to sleep more during the day. This is something that many families notice when a loved one starts to show signs of dementia. It is not just about being tired or needing a little extra rest. When dementia is present, changes in the brain can directly affect how much a person sleeps and when they sleep. People with dementia often nap more during the day, sometimes several times, and may also have trouble sleeping at night [1].
One of the main reasons for this is that dementia affects the parts of the brain that control the sleep-wake cycle. The brain has special areas that help us stay awake during the day and sleep at night. In dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease, these areas can become damaged. For example, the locus coeruleus, hypothalamic nuclei, and parts of the brainstem are all involved in keeping us alert. When these areas are affected by dementia, people naturally feel more tired and may fall asleep during the day even if they have had enough sleep the night before [1].
Another important factor is that dementia can cause changes in the body’s internal clock, also known as the circadian rhythm. This clock helps regulate when we feel sleepy and when we feel awake. In people with dementia, this clock can become disrupted, leading to confusion about day and night. This is why some people with dementia may sleep during the day and be awake at night, or have a mix of both [2].
Sleep disorders are also very common in people with dementia. Conditions like sleep apnea, insomnia, and restless leg syndrome can make it hard to get a good night’s sleep. When nighttime sleep is poor, people are more likely to feel sleepy during the day and take naps. Over time, this pattern can become worse and may even speed up the progression of dementia. Poor sleep can lead to more inflammation in the brain and less effective removal of waste products, which are both linked to a higher risk of dementia [1].
Medications can also play a role. Many older adults take medications for various health conditions, and some of these medications can cause drowsiness as a side effect. Blood pressure medications, antidepressants, and pain relievers are common examples. When several medications are taken together, their combined effects can make a person feel even more tired and sleepy during the day [3].
Chronic health conditions are another factor. Things like heart disease, diabetes, thyroid problems, and chronic pain can all disrupt sleep and lead to more daytime sleepiness. These conditions are more common in older adults and can make the effects of dementia on sleep even worse [3].
Low activity levels and lack of exposure to natural light can also contribute. When people are less active and spend less time outdoors, their bodies do not get the stimulation they need to stay alert. This can lead to more fatigue and longer naps during the day [3].
Emotional health is important too. Depression and social isolation are common in older adults and can affect sleep patterns. Feelings of sadness, loss, or loneliness can cause people to withdraw and sleep more. Social isolation may also reduce the sense of purpose that helps keep people active and engaged, which can lead to more daytime sleep [3].
In some types of dementia, like Lewy body dementia, excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom. Lewy body dementia affects the brain’s chemical messengers and can cause problems with attention, alertness, and sleep. People with this type of dementia may have trouble staying awake during the day and may nap frequently [6].
It is important to note that not every older adult who naps more during the day has dementia. Normal aging can also lead to changes in sleep patterns, such as lighter sleep, earlier wake times, and occasional daytime naps. However, when there is a noticeable increase in daytime sleepiness, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms like memory loss, confusion, or changes in behavior, it is important to seek medical advice [3].
If you notice that a loved one is sleeping more during the day and you are concerned about dementia, there are some practical steps you can take. Building a consistent routine, encouraging light activity, using natural sunlight, reviewing medications, and considering supportive senior living options can all help [3]. It is also important to talk to a healthcare provider to rule out other medical conditions and to get a proper evaluation.
In short, dementia can cause people to sleep more during the day because of changes in the brain, sleep disorders, medications, chronic health conditions, low activity levels, and emotional health issues. These factors can all work together to make daytime sleepiness more common in people with dementia. If you have concerns about a loved one’s sleep patterns, it is always best to seek professional advice [1][2][3][6].
Sources
[1] https://www.woodsidemd.com/post/is-excessive-daytime-napping-linked-to-alzheimer-s-or-dementia-here-s-what-the-research-really-says
[2] https://www.medlink.com/articles/sleep-and-cerebral-degenerative-disorders
[3] https://hickorywoodsseniorliving.com/why-do-the-elderly-sleep-so-much/
[6] https://azuraliving.com/understanding-different-types-of-dementia/
