Cladribine is a medication used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly the relapsing forms of the disease. Its effectiveness lies in its ability to reduce the frequency of MS relapses (flare-ups) and slow the progression of disability over time. Cladribine…
Rituximab plays a significant role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) by targeting and depleting B cells, which are immune cells involved in the disease’s progression. It is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to CD20, a protein found…
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that primarily infects B cells, a type of white blood cell essential for immune function. Research on EBV and B cell therapy is a rapidly evolving field that explores how EBV infects and…
Stress hormones play a crucial role in the flare-ups of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system. The primary stress hormones involved are…
Mindfulness meditation has gained increasing attention as a supportive practice for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neurological condition characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, pain, cognitive difficulties, and emotional challenges. The evidence for mindfulness meditation in MS…
Neuroplasticity plays a fundamental role in the recovery process of multiple sclerosis (MS) by enabling the brain and nervous system to adapt, reorganize, and compensate for damage caused by the disease. MS is characterized by immune-mediated attacks on myelin—the protective…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition primarily known for its effects on physical movement and coordination. However, research over recent decades has increasingly highlighted that MS also significantly impacts cognitive function, leading to what is often called cognitive…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease primarily known for causing physical disability through damage to the central nervous system. However, beyond the physical symptoms, there is growing evidence that MS can lead to cognitive decline and, in some…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are both complex neurological disorders that affect the central nervous system, but they differ fundamentally in their causes, progression, and pathology. However, research over recent years has revealed intriguing links between the two,…
The role of **grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression** is central and increasingly recognized as a key factor driving the worsening of disability and cognitive decline in people with MS. Unlike the traditional focus on white matter lesions,…