## Gray-Matter Atrophy, White-Matter Lesion Load, and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. Two main types of damage are seen: gray-matter atrophy (shrinkage of brain tissue where nerve…
The evidence for **cell-based remyelination in humans with multiple sclerosis (MS)** is emerging but remains complex and evolving. MS is characterized by the immune system attacking the myelin sheath—the protective covering around nerve fibers in the central nervous system—leading to…
## Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neuroprotection in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, chronic disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This leads to inflammation,…
Conditioning regimens play a crucial role in shaping the long-term outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS). These regimens, which involve high-dose immunosuppressive therapies administered before stem cell infusion, are designed to eliminate the autoreactive…
Patients who benefit most from autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) compared to high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are typically those with aggressive, highly active multiple sclerosis (MS) that has not responded well to conventional or even high-efficacy DMTs. AHSCT is…
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is an advanced treatment approach for multiple sclerosis (MS) that involves harvesting a patient’s own hematopoietic stem cells, followed by intensive immunosuppressive therapy to eliminate the malfunctioning immune system, and then reinfusing the stem…
Gene-editing tools hold promising potential to correct oligodendrocyte dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) models by targeting the molecular and genetic mechanisms that impair these cells’ ability to repair myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers that is damaged in MS.…
Human brain organoids have become a groundbreaking tool in advancing research on multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in understanding demyelination and remyelination processes. These organoids are miniature, simplified versions of the human brain grown in the lab from stem cells, which…
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a powerful tool in medical research, particularly in modeling complex diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing demyelination, inflammation, and a…
## How Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Remyelination Niches in Multiple Sclerosis Brains Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This leads to…