Standardized cannabinoid formulations have the potential to improve pain management in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients without causing significant cognitive harm, but this depends heavily on the specific composition, dosing, and delivery methods used. MS is a complex neurological condition characterized…
Cannabis use in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been studied extensively for its effects on two major symptoms: spasticity and cognition. Spasticity refers to the involuntary muscle stiffness and spasms that many people with MS experience, which can significantly impair movement…
Integrated lifestyle programs can indeed deliver additive benefits to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in managing multiple sclerosis (MS) by addressing symptoms, improving overall health, and potentially influencing disease progression through complementary mechanisms. These programs typically combine exercise, nutrition, mental health care,…
Lifestyle behaviors such as diet, sleep, and stress management interact in complex ways that can significantly influence the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). These behaviors do not act in isolation; rather, they cluster together, creating patterns that either exacerbate or…
Misclassification between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) has long posed a significant challenge in clinical neurology due to overlapping clinical presentations and imaging features. However, the emergence of new biomarkers offers promising avenues to reduce this…
Antibody-mediated disorders such as Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD) and Aquaporin-4 Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) differ fundamentally from Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in their underlying causes, immune mechanisms, clinical features, diagnostic markers, and treatment approaches. At the core, **MS…
**Can lifestyle interventions delay conversion from RIS to MS?** Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) refers to a condition where individuals have MRI findings suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) but do not yet show clinical symptoms. The question of whether lifestyle changes…
Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) and prodromal multiple sclerosis (prodromal MS) are two concepts related to the early detection of multiple sclerosis (MS), but they differ fundamentally in how they are identified, their clinical implications, and their relationship to the development…
Retinal layer thinning, particularly in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and other inner retinal layers, has emerged as a promising biomarker to predict cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic neurological disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination,…
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a cutting-edge imaging technique that allows detailed, noninvasive visualization of the retinal microvasculature. In the context of multiple sclerosis (MS), OCT-A provides a unique window into microvascular changes in the retina, reflecting underlying neuroinflammatory…