Mercury poisoning occurs when a person is exposed to mercury in amounts that overwhelm the body’s ability to detoxify and eliminate it. Mercury is a heavy metal that exists in several forms: elemental (metallic) mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic…
Arsenic poisoning occurs when a person is exposed to high levels of arsenic, a naturally occurring toxic element found in the environment, often through contaminated water, food, or industrial exposure. Treating arsenic poisoning involves several approaches aimed at removing arsenic…
Cyanide poisoning occurs when cyanide, a highly toxic chemical, enters the body and disrupts the fundamental process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy. Cyanide works by inhibiting an essential enzyme called cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria, which…
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide gas builds up in the bloodstream, preventing oxygen from being delivered to cells and tissues. The signs of carbon monoxide poisoning can vary from mild to severe and often resemble common illnesses,…
Nitrogen narcosis is caused by the increased partial pressure of nitrogen gas in the body when a person breathes compressed air at depth underwater. As a diver descends, the pressure around them rises, causing more nitrogen from the breathing gas…
Decompression sickness (DCS), often known as “the bends,” occurs when dissolved inert gases, primarily nitrogen, form bubbles in the body due to rapid reduction in pressure, such as when a diver ascends too quickly. These bubbles can cause a wide…
## What Causes Mountain Sickness? Mountain sickness, often called altitude sickness or acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a common problem for people who travel to high places, especially if they go up quickly. It happens because the air gets thinner…
High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when fluid accumulates in the lungs due to rapid exposure to high altitudes, typically above 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters). Recognizing the signs of HAPE early…
Pulmonary edema happens when fluid builds up abnormally in the lungs, specifically in the tiny air sacs called alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. This excess fluid makes it hard for oxygen to get into the blood and…
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex lung condition caused by an immune reaction to inhaled environmental antigens, leading to inflammation and sometimes fibrosis (scarring) of the lung tissue. Treating HP involves several strategies aimed at reducing inflammation, preventing further exposure…