Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a joint condition where a fragment of bone and its overlying cartilage begins to separate from the end of a bone within a joint. This separation can cause pain, swelling, instability, and sometimes pieces of bone…
Blount’s disease is a growth disorder affecting the shin bone (tibia) that causes the lower leg to angle inward, resulting in bowleg deformity. It primarily affects children and adolescents and can be classified into infantile and adolescent forms. While the…
Clubfoot in infants is a congenital condition where one or both feet are twisted inward and downward, making the foot appear as if it is turned upside down or pointing toward the other leg. This deformity is not simply a…
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a condition that affects the hip joint, primarily in children, and is caused by a temporary loss of blood supply to the ball part of the hip joint (the femoral head). This lack of blood flow leads…
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) is a condition that affects the hip joint in children and adolescents, particularly during periods of rapid growth. It occurs when the ball at the top of the thigh bone (the femoral head) slips backward…
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a condition that causes pain and swelling just below the kneecap, where the patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone (tibia). It mostly affects children and adolescents who are active in sports that involve running, jumping, or sudden…
Scheuermann’s disease is a condition that affects the spine, causing it to develop an abnormal, exaggerated forward curve, particularly in the upper back, known as kyphosis. This disease typically emerges during adolescence, a critical period when the spine is still…
Idiopathic scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways in an “S” or “C” shape without a known cause. Recognizing the signs early is important because the condition often develops gradually and may not cause pain initially, especially in…
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex and serious condition characterized by abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs in children. This elevated pressure makes it harder for the heart to pump blood through the lungs, leading…
Kawasaki heart disease, more commonly known as Kawasaki disease (KD), is a condition that primarily affects children and involves inflammation of the blood vessels throughout the body, including the coronary arteries of the heart. The most critical concern in Kawasaki…