Can anemia cause memory decline? Yes, anemia often leads to memory problems and other thinking issues because it reduces oxygen reaching the brain.
Anemia happens when your body lacks enough healthy red blood cells. These cells carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body, including your brain. Brain cells need steady oxygen to work properly. Without it, you can feel foggy, forget things easily, or struggle to focus.[1][2]
Iron deficiency is a top cause of anemia. Low iron means fewer red blood cells, so less oxygen gets to the brain. This hurts memory recall, attention, and problem-solving skills. Studies find people with anemia score lower on memory tests than those without it.[1][5]
Different types of anemia affect the brain in unique ways. For example, vitamin B12 deficiency causes a type of anemia that harms nerves. It can lead to memory loss, confusion, and even mood changes like irritability. B12 helps build the protective coating around nerves and supports brain chemicals for clear thinking.[3]
Kids and babies face bigger risks. Early iron shortages can change how their brains develop, impacting recognition memory and focus later in life. The earlier it happens, the stronger the effects.[6]
Doctors often check for anemia when someone reports memory trouble. A simple blood test spots it, and fixing the anemia with iron pills, B12 shots, or diet changes can help brain function improve.[7]
Sources:
https://int.livhospital.com/does-anemia-cause-memory-loss-best-facts/
https://www.droracle.ai/articles/584594/can-anemia-cause-brain-fog
https://massivebio.com/vitamin-b12-preventing-anemia-and-supporting-nerve-health-bio/
https://www.padmajalokireddy.com/anemia/
https://www.oreateai.com/blog/the-hidden-toll-of-iron-deficiency-understanding-its-impact-on-the-body/d264930f8e444c9f8f2456320e88af22
https://jisn.org/index.php/jisn/article/view/67
https://www.nextjourneyortho.com/medical-conditions/cognitive-concerns-%2F-memory-issues
