Joint pain is something many people experience at some point in their lives. It can be caused by a wide range of things, from everyday wear and tear to injuries, arthritis, or even infections. But sometimes, joint pain can be a sign of something more serious, like cancer. While it is not the most common cause of joint pain, it is important to know that cancer can affect the bones and joints, and this can lead to pain and other symptoms. Understanding when joint pain might be a sign of cancer can help people seek medical help sooner, which is always important for better outcomes.
The most common reason for joint pain is arthritis, which is inflammation of the joints. There are different types of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and these are much more common than cancer as a cause of joint pain. However, cancer can also cause joint pain, especially if it starts in the bone or spreads to the bone from another part of the body. Bone cancer, also known as primary bone cancer, is rare, but it can cause pain in or around the joints. More often, cancer that starts in another organ, like the breast, lung, or prostate, can spread to the bones, a condition called bone metastasis. When cancer spreads to the bones, it can cause pain, swelling, and sometimes fractures, even with minor injuries[1].
One of the main symptoms of bone cancer or bone metastasis is persistent pain. This pain is often described as a deep, throbbing, or aching sensation that does not go away with rest or over-the-counter pain relievers. The pain may start as mild and get worse over time, especially at night or during physical activity. If the cancer is near a joint, the pain can feel like joint pain, and it may be hard to tell the difference from arthritis at first. The area around the joint may also be swollen or tender to the touch. Sometimes, a lump or swelling can be felt near the affected bone[1].
Another sign that joint pain might be related to cancer is if it is accompanied by other symptoms that are not typical of arthritis. These can include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, fever, or night sweats. If someone has a history of cancer and starts to have new joint pain, especially if it is persistent and does not improve with usual treatments, it is important to talk to a doctor. Cancer that spreads to the bones can also cause other problems, such as weakness, numbness, or tingling in the arms or legs, especially if the spine is involved. In severe cases, it can even affect bladder or bowel control[2].
It is also possible for cancer treatments to cause joint pain. Some chemotherapy drugs, steroids, and hormone therapies can lead to joint or muscle pain as a side effect. This type of pain is usually not a sign that the cancer is getting worse, but it can still be uncomfortable and affect daily life. If joint pain starts after beginning cancer treatment, it is important to let the cancer care team know, so they can help manage the symptoms[3].
In rare cases, certain cancer drugs can cause symptoms that look like arthritis, including joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. This is not cancer itself, but a side effect of the medication. If joint pain starts after starting a new cancer drug, it is important to talk to a doctor to find out the cause and get the right treatment[5].
When joint pain is a sign of cancer, it is usually persistent and does not get better with rest or usual treatments. It may also be worse at night or with activity. If the pain is in a bone near a joint, it can limit movement and make it hard to use the joint normally. For example, if cancer is in the femur near the knee, it might be hard to bend or straighten the leg. This can be mistaken for arthritis, especially in older adults, but the pain from cancer tends to be more constant and severe[1].
It is important to remember that most joint pain is not caused by cancer. Arthritis, injuries, and other common conditions are much more likely. But if joint pain is persistent, gets worse over time, or is accompanied by other symptoms like weight loss or fatigue, it is important to see a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference in outcomes, especially if cancer is involved[1].
Doctors use a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to find out the cause of joint pain. Blood tests may also be done to look for signs of cancer or other conditions. If cancer is suspected, a biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis[1].
In summary, joint pain can be a sign of cancer, especially if it is persistent, severe, and does not improve with usual treatments. It is more likely if there are other symptoms like weight loss, fatigue, or a history of cancer. Most joint pain is not caused by cancer, but it is important to see a doctor if there are any concerns. Early medical evaluation can help find the cause and start the right treatment[1].
Sources
[1] Massive Bio. Bone Cancer Signs & Symptoms. https://massivebio.com/bone-cancer-signs-symptoms-bio/
[2] Liv Hospital. 8 Common Symptoms of Cancer Spreading to Bones & How to Manage Them. https://int.livhospital.com/8-common-symptoms-of-cancer-spreading-to-bones-how-to-manage-them/
[3] American Cancer Society. Long-term and Late Effects of Cancer. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/long-term-health-concerns/long-term-side-effects-of-cancer.html
[5] Cureus. Insights from pharmacovigilance databases, clinical cohorts and. https://www.cureus.com/articles/340678-a-rare-presentation-of-knee-pain-in-a-patient-with-history-of-lung-cancer.pdf?email=
