Morphine is a strong medicine used to help with severe pain. It can be very helpful for older adults, but it also comes with side effects that can be more serious in this age group. As people get older, their bodies change. The kidneys, liver, heart, and lungs may not work as well as they used to. This means morphine can stay in the body longer and build up, making side effects more likely.
One of the most common side effects is constipation. Many older adults already have trouble with their bowels, and morphine can make this worse. Nausea and vomiting are also possible, especially when starting the medicine. Some people feel dizzy or lightheaded, especially when standing up quickly. This can increase the risk of falls, which is a big concern for older adults.
Morphine can also make people feel sleepy or confused. Older adults may find it harder to think clearly or remember things. They might feel unusually tired or weak. Some people have trouble urinating or notice changes in how much they pee. Swelling in the face, eyelids, or other parts of the body can happen too.
Breathing problems are a serious risk. Morphine slows down breathing, and this effect can be stronger in older adults. If breathing becomes very slow or shallow, it can be dangerous. Signs like pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin, or trouble breathing, need urgent medical attention. Pinpoint pupils, extreme drowsiness, and loss of consciousness are also signs of a possible overdose.
Other side effects include sweating, trembling, mood changes, and stomach pain. Some people may have allergic reactions, like itching or swelling. In rare cases, morphine can cause seizures or heart rhythm problems. Older adults with lung, heart, or stomach issues need to be extra careful.
It is important for older adults to talk to their doctor about any new or worsening symptoms. The dose of morphine may need to be adjusted to keep it safe and effective. Always follow the doctor’s instructions and never change the dose without talking to them.
Sources
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https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/morphine-epidural-route/description/drg-20074258
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