An abnormal Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score generally indicates some level of cognitive impairment. The MMSE is a brief test used to assess cognitive functions such as orientation, memory, attention, calculation, language, and the ability to follow simple commands. Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores reflecting better cognitive function. Typically, a score between 24 and 30 is considered normal, while scores below 24 suggest cognitive difficulties. Specifically, scores from 18 to 23 indicate mild cognitive impairment, 10 to 17 moderate impairment, and below 10 severe impairment[1][3][4].
An abnormal MMSE score does not diagnose a specific condition but signals the need for further evaluation. It may reflect dementia, delirium, or other neurological or psychiatric conditions affecting cognition. Factors such as education level, language, and cultural background can influence the score, so these should be considered when interpreting results[1][2].
In clinical practice, the MMSE is used as a screening tool rather than a definitive diagnostic test. A low score suggests the presence of cognitive problems but must be interpreted alongside clinical history, physical examination, and other tests. For example, the MMSE is more reliable in detecting moderate to severe cognitive impairment but may miss early or mild cases[2][5].
Because the MMSE focuses on certain cognitive domains, it may not capture all types of cognitive dysfunction. Other assessments, like the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), may be used to complement the MMSE for a more comprehensive evaluation[5].
Sources
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/mini-mental-status-examination-for-f-y-m-sc-nursing-5th-semester-students/270183336
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12586242/
https://www.droracle.ai/articles/442501/review-the-mini-mental-
https://www.droracle.ai/articles/498006/what-is-the-mini-mental-status-examination-mmse-and
https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/19681
