Extreme heat is particularly dangerous for people with Alzheimer’s disease because their bodies and brains are less able to cope with high temperatures, and their cognitive impairments make it harder for them to recognize and respond to heat-related stress. Alzheimer’s affects memory, judgment, and the brain’s ability to regulate thirst and body temperature, which are critical for staying safe during heatwaves.
One major reason is that people with Alzheimer’s often forget to drink enough water. The part of the brain that signals thirst may not work properly, so they don’t feel thirsty even when their bodies need fluids. This leads to dehydration, which can quickly become severe in hot weather. Dehydration worsens confusion, increases the risk of heat exhaustion or heatstroke, and can cause dangerous complications like kidney problems or cardiovascular stress.
In addition to dehydration, the natural aging process reduces the body’s ability to regulate temperature. Older adults, including those with Alzheimer’s, sweat less and have diminished blood flow to the skin, making it harder to cool down. This impaired thermoregulation means their core body temperature can rise dangerously during extreme heat, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses.
People with Alzheimer’s also face challenges in recognizing and communicating discomfort or symptoms of heat stress. They may not be able to tell caregivers that they feel too hot, dizzy, or weak, which delays intervention. Their cognitive decline can also make it difficult to follow advice like staying indoors, wearing appropriate clothing, or using fans and air conditioning.
Moreover, many individuals with Alzheimer’s have other health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, which heat can exacerbate. Heat increases heart rate and blood flow demands, putting extra strain on an already vulnerable heart. Certain medications commonly prescribed for Alzheimer’s or related conditions can also interfere with the body’s heat response, further increasing risk.
Social and environmental factors compound these dangers. People with Alzheimer’s may be isolated, have limited mobility, or depend on others for care, making it harder to access cooler environments or receive timely help. Changes in routine during hot weather can cause distress or resistance to care, so caregivers must approach heat safety patiently and with understanding.
Because extreme heat accelerates biological aging and stresses organs, repeated exposure can worsen overall health and cognitive decline. Heatwaves have been shown to increase risks of cardiovascular problems, dehydration, and even death among older adults, especially those with dementia.
To protect people with Alzheimer’s during extreme heat, it is crucial to:
– Encourage regular hydration, even if they don’t feel thirsty
