Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing symptoms like numbness, mobility challenges, speech difficulties, and balance problems. One of the most pressing questions for people diagnosed with MS and their families is whether the medications used to treat MS can increase life expectancy.
The good news is that, generally, people with MS today tend to have a life expectancy close to that of the general population. This is a significant improvement compared to decades ago, largely due to advances in treatment and better management of the disease. However, MS is still a serious condition that can cause disability and impact quality of life.
MS drugs, often called disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), do not cure MS but aim to reduce the frequency and severity of relapses (periods when symptoms worsen) and slow the progression of disability. By doing so, these drugs help maintain neurological function longer and reduce complications that could indirectly affect life expectancy.
For example, drugs like Mavenclad (cladribine) have been shown to significantly reduce the number of relapses and slow disability progression over a couple of years. Patients on Mavenclad experienced fewer flare-ups and less worsening of symptoms compared to those on placebo. This reduction in disease activity can help preserve neurological function and potentially reduce complications that might shorten life expectancy. However, Mavenclad also has side effects, including a temporary reduction in lymphocyte counts, which requires careful monitoring.
Another medication, Zeposia, works by reducing the number of lymphocytes in the bloodstream, which are involved in the immune attack on nerve cells in MS. Clinical studies have shown that Zeposia reduces relapses and new brain lesions, which are markers of disease activity. By slowing disease progression, it may help patients maintain function and health longer.
While these drugs improve disease control, their direct impact on extending life expectancy is less straightforward. MS itself is not typically fatal, but complications such as infections, severe disability, or other health issues related to immobility can affect survival. By reducing relapses and slowing disability, MS drugs can lower the risk of these complications, indirectly supporting longer life.
It is important to note that MS drugs are usually taken long-term, sometimes indefinitely, to maintain their benefits. They can have side effects and risks, so treatment decisions are personalized based on the patient’s age, disease type, severity, and other health conditions.
In addition to medication, comprehensive care including physical therapy, symptom management, and lifestyle adjustments plays a crucial role in improving quality of life and potentially life expectancy for people with MS.
In summary, while MS drugs do not cure the disease, they help control its activity and progression, which can reduce complications and support a life expectancy close to normal. The advances in MS treatments over recent years have transformed the outlook for many patients, allowing them to live longer, healthier lives despite the challenges of the disease.
