When we think about our brains, we often think about how they control our thoughts, emotions, and actions. But what happens when our brain starts to malfunction? Major neurocognitive disorder, also known as major NCD, is a type of cognitive disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process information and perform daily tasks. In this article, we will explore major NCD in depth, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
What is Major Neurocognitive Disorder?
Major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is a cognitive disorder that causes a decline in cognitive functioning, such as memory, thinking, language, and judgment. It was previously known as dementia or dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM is a manual used by mental health professionals to diagnose and classify mental disorders. In its latest edition, the DSM-5, the term major NCD was introduced to encompass various types of cognitive disorders.
Major NCD can severely impact a person’s ability to live independently and perform daily activities. It is a progressive disorder, meaning it worsens over time. The symptoms of major NCD can vary from person to person and can be different depending on the underlying cause.
Symptoms of Major Neurocognitive Disorder
The symptoms of major NCD are related to a decline in cognitive functioning and can vary based on the severity of the disorder. Some common symptoms include:
1. Memory loss: This is one of the most prominent symptoms of major NCD. People with this disorder may have trouble recalling recent events and may forget important information like names or appointments.
2. Difficulty with language: People with major NCD may have difficulties finding the right words or struggle to understand what others are saying.
3. Impaired reasoning and judgment: Major NCD can affect a person’s ability to make decisions and solve problems. They may also have trouble understanding abstract concepts.
4. Changes in mood and behavior: As major NCD progresses, individuals may experience changes in their mood, such as depression, anxiety, or apathy. They may also display changes in behavior, such as agitation, aggression, or social withdrawal.
5. Difficulty with daily tasks: As the disorder progresses, individuals may struggle to perform activities that were once routine, such as dressing, cooking, or managing finances.
Causes of Major Neurocognitive Disorder
There can be various causes of major NCD, including:
1. Alzheimer’s disease: It is the most common cause of major NCD, accounting for 60-80% of cases. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes a decline in cognitive functioning.
2. Vascular disease: This refers to conditions that affect the blood vessels in the brain, leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen to the brain. This can cause damage to brain cells and result in cognitive impairment.
3. Parkinson’s disease: People with Parkinson’s disease are at an increased risk of developing major NCD. This neurodegenerative disorder affects movement and can also lead to cognitive impairment.
4. Traumatic brain injury (TBI): A severe head injury can cause damage to brain cells and lead to cognitive impairment.
Diagnosis of Major Neurocognitive Disorder
A diagnosis of major NCD requires a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional. The diagnostic process involves ruling out other potential causes of cognitive impairment, such as medication side effects or vitamin deficiencies. The healthcare professional will also assess the individual’s medical history, perform a physical exam, and conduct cognitive tests to evaluate their memory, language, and problem-solving abilities.
Treatment of Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for major NCD. However, there are treatments available that can help manage symptoms and improve the individual’s quality of life. The treatment approach may vary depending on the underlying cause of the disorder.
1. Medications: Depending on the cause of major NCD, doctors may prescribe medication to manage symptoms such as memory loss, depression, or anxiety.
2. Cognitive therapy: This type of therapy can help individuals learn strategies to cope with their cognitive impairment and improve their daily functioning.
3. Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and staying socially active, can also help manage symptoms and slow down the progression of major NCD.
Final Thoughts
Major neurocognitive disorder is a complex cognitive disorder that can have a significant impact on a person’s life. It is important to remember that each individual’s experience with major NCD is unique, and the symptoms and progression of the disorder can vary. Seeking early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve the individual’s quality of life. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of cognitive decline, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper evaluation and care. Remember, you are not alone, and support is available for those affected by major NCD.
