Zeposia, whose generic name is ozanimod, is a medication primarily prescribed to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and ulcerative colitis. It works by modulating the immune system, specifically targeting certain receptors on immune cells to reduce inflammation and immune attack on the nervous system or gut. Like many medications that affect the immune system, Zeposia can cause a range of side effects, some mild and manageable, others more serious and requiring medical attention.
The **most common side effects** experienced by people taking Zeposia include:
– **Upper respiratory infections**, such as the common cold, which may manifest as a runny nose, sore throat, or cough.
– **Headache**, which can vary in intensity.
– **Fatigue or tiredness**, a feeling of low energy or weakness.
– **Elevated liver enzymes**, which may be detected through blood tests and indicate liver irritation or damage.
– **Back pain** and **joint pain**.
– **Nausea** and sometimes mild gastrointestinal discomfort.
– **Increased blood pressure** in some cases.
Many of these side effects tend to be mild to moderate and may improve as the body adjusts to the medication over time.
More **serious side effects** can occur, though they are less common. These include:
– **Infections**: Because Zeposia suppresses parts of the immune system, it can increase the risk of infections, including serious ones like herpes zoster (shingles) or pneumonia. Patients should be monitored closely for signs of infection such as fever, chills, or persistent cough.
– **Liver problems**: Significant liver injury is rare but possible. Symptoms like yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, severe fatigue, or abdominal pain should prompt immediate medical evaluation.
– **Heart-related issues**: Zeposia can cause a temporary slowing of the heart rate when first starting the medication, known as bradycardia. This effect usually occurs within the first few hours of the initial dose and is generally monitored by healthcare providers. People with certain heart conditions may need extra caution.
– **Macular edema**: This is swelling in the central part of the retina, which can affect vision. Patients with diabetes or a history of eye problems are at higher risk and should have regular eye exams.
– **Respiratory issues**: Some patients may experience shortness of breath or other breathing difficulties.
– **Allergic reactions**: Though rare, severe allergic reactions can occur, presenting as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or trouble breathing.
Other side effects reported include gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, or constipation, but these are generally less frequent.
Because Zeposia affects the immune system, it may also impact how the body responds to vaccines and infections. Patients are often advised to update vaccinations before starting treatment and to avoid live vaccines during therapy.
Monitoring is an important part of treatment with Zeposia. Doctors typically perform blood tests to check liver function, blood cell counts, and heart monitoring at the start and during treatment. Eye exams may also be recommended periodically.
Patients should communicate openly with their healthcare providers about any new or worsening symptoms. Mild side effects like headache or fatigue may be managed with supportive care, but signs of infection, liver problems, heart symptoms, or vision changes require prompt medical attention.
In summary, Zeposia’s side effects range from common mild symptoms such as headache, fatigue, and upper respiratory infections to more serious but less frequent issues like infections, liver injury, heart rate changes, and eye problems. Careful monitoring and communication with healthcare providers help manage these risks while benefiting from the medication’s effects on multiple sclerosis or ulcerative colitis.
