Rotavirus infection in adults typically causes symptoms related to the digestive system, although many adults may experience mild or even no symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they usually begin between 1 to 3 days after exposure to the virus. The main symptoms include:
– **Watery diarrhea:** This is the hallmark symptom of rotavirus infection. The diarrhea is usually non-bloody and can be quite frequent and watery, leading to dehydration if fluids are not adequately replaced.
– **Vomiting:** Adults infected with rotavirus often experience sudden and persistent vomiting, which can contribute to fluid loss and dehydration.
– **Fever:** A mild to moderate fever may accompany the infection, reflecting the body’s immune response to the virus.
– **Abdominal cramps and pain:** Many adults report stomach cramps or discomfort, which can range from mild to severe.
– **Nausea:** A feeling of sickness or queasiness often precedes vomiting.
– **Fatigue and weakness:** Due to fluid loss and the body’s effort to fight the infection, adults may feel unusually tired or weak.
– **Dehydration symptoms:** Because of vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration is a significant risk. Signs include dry mouth, decreased urination, dizziness, and lightheadedness.
While rotavirus is often more severe in young children and immunocompromised individuals, adults can still experience significant discomfort. In healthy adults, symptoms usually resolve within a few days without the need for hospitalization. However, older adults or those with weakened immune systems may face more severe illness requiring medical attention.
Transmission occurs mainly through the fecal-oral route, meaning contact with contaminated hands, surfaces, food, or water. The virus is highly contagious, and adults can become infected by close contact with infected children or others shedding the virus.
Because rotavirus symptoms overlap with other causes of gastroenteritis (such as norovirus or food poisoning), diagnosis is often based on symptom patterns and exposure history rather than specific testing in adults.
Treatment focuses on supportive care:
– **Hydration:** Replacing lost fluids and electrolytes is critical to prevent dehydration. Oral rehydration solutions are preferred.
– **Rest:** Allowing the body to recover by resting.
– **Diet:** Once vomiting subsides, gradually reintroducing bland foods can help.
Antibiotics are not effective since rotavirus is a viral infection. Preventive measures include good hand hygiene and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
In summary, adults with rotavirus infection usually experience watery diarrhea, vomiting, mild fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, and fatigue, with symptoms starting 1 to 3 days after exposure and lasting a few days. Dehydration is the main concern, especially in older adults or those with weakened immunity.
