Trigger finger, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition where one or more fingers get stuck in a bent position and then suddenly snap straight, often with a noticeable pop or click. This happens because the tendon that controls the finger movement cannot glide smoothly through its protective sheath due to inflammation, swelling, or the formation of small nodules on the tendon. The condition most commonly affects the ring finger and thumb but can involve any finger, and sometimes multiple fingers or both hands are affected.
The signs of trigger finger usually develop gradually and can range from mild to severe. Early on, you might notice **finger stiffness**, especially in the morning after inactivity. This stiffness can make it difficult to bend or straighten the finger smoothly. As the condition progresses, a **popping or clicking sensation** may occur when moving the finger, which is caused by the tendon catching on the narrowed sheath or a nodule passing through a tight pulley system in the finger.
Another common sign is **tenderness or a small bump at the base of the affected finger on the palm side**. This bump is often the swollen tendon or nodule pressing against the sheath. The area might be sore to touch and sometimes slightly swollen.
The most distinctive and troublesome symptom is when the finger **catches or locks in a bent position**. You may find that your finger suddenly gets stuck and you have to use your other hand to straighten it. In severe cases, the finger can become completely locked and unable to straighten without assistance. This locking can be painful and frustrating, especially when trying to use your hand for everyday tasks.
Pain is often present, especially when trying to bend or straighten the finger. The pain may be sharp or aching and tends to worsen with activity or after periods of heavy hand use. Many people notice that symptoms are worse in the morning or after resting the hand, as the tendon and sheath become stiff and inflamed overnight.
Other subtle signs can include:
– A feeling of **grittiness or catching** as the tendon moves.
– Difficulty gripping or holding objects due to finger stiffness or pain.
– Symptoms worsening after repetitive hand activities like typing, gripping, or lifting.
– Sometimes numbness or tingling if the inflammation affects nearby nerves, though this is less common.
Trigger finger is more common in women over 50 and people with certain medical conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or thyroid problems. Repetitive hand movements or prolonged gripping can increase the risk of developing this condition.
In summary, the signs of trigger finger include morning stiffness, a popping or clicking sensation, tenderness or a bump at the base of the finger, finger catching or locking in a bent position, and pain during finger movement. These symptoms often worsen with activity and improve somewhat with rest but can become persistent and disabling if untreated.
