Diverticulitis is a condition where small pouches called diverticula, which form in the wall of the large intestine, become inflamed or infected. The symptoms of diverticulitis can vary in intensity but often include a combination of abdominal discomfort and signs of infection.
The most common and noticeable symptom is **abdominal pain**, typically located in the lower left side of the abdomen. This pain can start suddenly and may be sharp or cramping. It often worsens with movement, such as walking, jogging, or even simple jolts, because the inflamed tissues are sensitive to motion. The pain is usually persistent and does not go away quickly.
Alongside pain, many people experience **abdominal pressure and bloating**. This happens because the inflamed diverticula can cause swelling and partial blockage in the large intestine, leading to a buildup of gas and stool. This can make the belly feel full, tight, or distended.
**Fever and chills** are common signs that an infection is present. The inflammation in the diverticula can trigger the body’s immune response, causing a rise in temperature. Fever may be mild or high, and chills often accompany it, signaling that the body is fighting off the infection.
Changes in bowel habits are also frequent. Some people may have **constipation**, where bowel movements become infrequent or difficult, while others might experience **diarrhea**. These changes occur because the inflamed intestine does not function normally, disrupting the usual rhythm of digestion and waste elimination.
**Nausea and vomiting** can occur early in a diverticulitis flare-up. The inflammation slows down the movement of food and waste through the intestines, causing a backup that can make a person feel queasy or sick to their stomach.
Loss of appetite is another symptom, often linked to nausea and the general discomfort caused by the infection and inflammation. When the digestive system is irritated, the desire to eat may decrease.
In some cases, there may be **rectal bleeding** or blood in the stool. This happens if the inflamed diverticula cause small tears or bleeding in the intestinal lining. While not always present, any sign of blood should be taken seriously.
Other less common symptoms include **urinary changes**, such as increased frequency or discomfort during urination. This can happen if the inflamed diverticula press against the bladder, irritating it.
Overall, the symptoms of diverticulitis can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and systemic signs of infection. Early symptoms often include lower left abdominal pain, nausea, and changes in bowel habits, while more advanced or severe cases may present with fever, chills, vomiting, and rectal bleeding. Because these symptoms overlap with other gastrointestinal conditions, medical evaluation is important to confirm the diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment.
