Among people over 85 years old who experience a fall, approximately 20% to 30% die within a year following the fall. This high mortality rate reflects the serious consequences falls have on very elderly individuals, especially those with frailty, preexisting health conditions, or injuries such as hip fractures.
Falls in older adults, particularly those aged 85 and above, are a major health concern because they often lead to severe complications. The risk of death after a fall increases with age and the severity of injury. Hip fractures are especially critical; over 95% of hip fractures in older adults result from falls, and these fractures carry a significant risk of mortality within the first year. Studies show that about one in five older adults who suffer a hip fracture die within a year due to complications such as infections, immobility, and other medical issues triggered or worsened by the injury.
Beyond direct injuries, falls can cause a cascade of health declines. Many older adults who fall experience a loss of mobility and independence. Up to 60% do not regain their previous level of mobility, which can lead to muscle weakness, joint stiffness, and increased vulnerability to further health problems. Fear of falling again often causes reduced activity, which exacerbates physical decline and increases the risk of depression and social isolation.
Another critical factor is the time spent on the floor after a fall. Nearly half of older adults who fall cannot get up without help, and remaining on the floor for more than two hours can lead to dehydration, pressure sores, hypothermia, and pneumonia, all of which increase mortality risk.
The overall death rate from falls rises sharply with age. For adults 65 and older, falls are the leading cause of injury-related death, and this risk is even higher in those over 85. Mortality rates from falls have been increasing over recent years, reflecting both the growing elderly population and the severity of fall-related injuries in this age group.
In summary, falls in people over 85 are not only common but also frequently fatal within a year, with mortality rates around 20-30%, especially when complicated by fractures or prolonged immobility. The combination of physical injury, loss of function, and secondary complications contributes to this high risk of death.
