The best treatment options for anemia in women over 65 focus on addressing the underlying cause, replenishing iron and other deficient nutrients, and managing symptoms safely considering age-related factors. Treatment is often individualized, combining dietary changes, supplements, medications, and sometimes procedures depending on severity and type of anemia.
Anemia in older women is frequently caused by iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic disease, or blood loss. The first step is to identify the specific cause through blood tests and medical evaluation. Once diagnosed, treatment typically begins with increasing iron intake through diet and supplements. Iron-rich foods include red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, leafy greens, and fortified cereals. Pairing these with vitamin C-rich foods like citrus fruits or bell peppers enhances iron absorption.
Oral iron supplements are the mainstay for iron deficiency anemia. Common forms include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate, usually taken once daily on an empty stomach for best absorption. However, older adults may experience gastrointestinal side effects such as constipation or nausea, so sometimes lower doses or taking supplements with a small amount of food is recommended. Newer iron formulations like liposomal iron or iron polymaltose complexes offer better absorption and fewer side effects, which can be particularly beneficial for older women who may have sensitive digestive systems.
If oral iron is not tolerated or anemia is severe, intravenous iron therapy can be used. This bypasses the digestive tract and quickly restores iron levels under medical supervision. In rare cases where anemia is due to bone marrow problems or chronic disease, medications like erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production or immunosuppressants may be prescribed.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, common in older adults due to decreased absorption, requires supplementation either orally or by injection depending on severity. Folate deficiency is treated with folic acid supplements. Addressing any underlying causes such as gastrointestinal bleeding, medication side effects, or chronic inflammation is crucial to prevent recurrence.
Regular monitoring of blood counts and iron status helps guide treatment duration and adjustments. Preventive strategies include maintaining a balanced diet rich in iron and vitamins, avoiding substances that inhibit iron absorption like calcium supplements or excessive tea and coffee during meals, and managing chronic conditions effectively.
In summary, the best treatment for anemia in women over 65 is a comprehensive approach tailored to the individual’s cause and health status, combining dietary improvements, appropriate supplementation, possible intravenous therapies, and management of underlying health issues to restore healthy red blood cell levels and improve quality of life.