People with dementia sometimes become afraid of shadows or reflections. This happens because dementia changes how the brain processes what it sees. Shadows may look like holes or strange shapes, and reflections in mirrors or windows might be mistaken for other people. These visual misinterpretations can cause fear or confusion.
As dementia progresses, the brain struggles to understand contrasts and depth, making shadows appear threatening or confusing. For example, a shadow on the floor might look like a hole to step into, or a reflection might be seen as a stranger standing nearby. This can lead to anxiety, agitation, or even attempts to avoid certain areas or objects.
This fear is often worse in low light or during the evening, a time when people with dementia are more vulnerable to “sundowning.” Sundowning refers to increased confusion and agitation that happens as daylight fades. The brain’s difficulty in interpreting dim lighting combined with fatigue can make shadows and reflections even more frightening.
Caregivers can help by making the environment safer and less confusing. This includes:
– Using bright, even lighting to reduce harsh shadows.
– Covering or removing mirrors to prevent frightening reflections.
– Reducing clutter and patterns on walls that might be misread.
– Creating calm, low-stimulation spaces especially in the late afternoon and evening.
When a person with dementia expresses fear about shadows or reflections, it’s important not to argue or try to convince them logically. Instead, caregivers should acknowledge the underlying emotion—usually fear—and respond with calm reassurance. Distraction with a comforting activity or familiar object can also help shift attention away from the scary image.
Understanding that these fears come from changes in brain function—not from imagination or stubbornness—helps caregivers respond with patience and empathy. Small adjustments in lighting and environment, along with gentle communication, can make a big difference in easing the distress caused by shadows and reflections in dementia.
