What is the Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition where the body struggles to manage blood sugar levels due to issues with insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Understanding the differences between them is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. This means people with Type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin on their own and must rely on insulin therapy to control their blood sugar levels. Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes often appear suddenly and can include unexplained weight loss, intense thirst and hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, frequent urination, and fruity-smelling breath due to ketone buildup. It typically starts in childhood or young adulthood.

On the other hand, Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body’s inability to use insulin effectively, a condition known as insulin resistance. Over time, the pancreas may also produce less insulin, leading to insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes symptoms are often more subtle and may not be noticed for months or even years. Common symptoms include fatigue, increased thirst and urination, slow wound healing, frequent infections, tingling or numbness in hands and feet, and skin darkening around the neck and armpits. Type 2 diabetes can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in adults.

A significant difference between the two types is their onset and progression. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented and requires lifelong insulin therapy. In contrast, Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented or delayed through lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly. Treatment for Type 2 diabetes typically begins with lifestyle adjustments and may include oral medications or insulin therapy if necessary.

In terms of prevalence, Type 2 diabetes is much more common, accounting for about 90 to 95 percent of all diabetes cases, while Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5 to 10 percent. Both types of diabetes require careful management to prevent complications such as blindness and kidney failure by keeping blood sugar levels within a target range.