Novel Delivery Systems for Neuroprotective Peptides: A Technological Review
In recent years, there has been significant progress in developing innovative delivery systems for neuroprotective peptides. These advancements are crucial for treating neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major challenge.
### Biopolymer-Based Delivery Systems
Biopolymers like chitosan have emerged as promising materials for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to cross the BBB. Chitosan nanoparticles can be modified to target specific brain regions, improving drug absorption and reducing oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, chitosan nanoparticles have been used to deliver therapeutic agents in models of AD, showing potential in reducing amyloid plaques and protecting neurons.
### Nanomanufactured Systems for Parkinson’s Disease
A recent study developed a nanomanufactured system using chitosan, albumin, and dopamine to treat Parkinson’s disease. This system, with a particle size range of 38–190 nm, efficiently penetrates the BBB due to its positive zeta potential. It exhibits high encapsulation efficiency and controlled dopamine release, making it a promising therapeutic approach for PD. The inclusion of albumin enhances the transport system via an adsorptive-mediated endocytosis pathway, supporting neural cell health.
### Peptide Fractions from Snake Venom
Researchers have also explored peptide fractions from snake venom as potential neuroprotective compounds. A study on the peptide fraction from Naja mandalayensis snake venom showed neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in certain neuronal cells. These peptides could regulate protein synthesis and degradation, offering new opportunities for developing treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
### Future Directions
While these novel delivery systems show great promise, further research is needed to optimize their effectiveness and safety. Challenges include ensuring non-toxic degradation byproducts and translating preclinical findings into human clinical trials. Nonetheless, these advancements hold significant potential for improving the treatment of neurological disorders by enabling targeted and efficient drug delivery to the brain.
