The connection between the JC virus and multiple sclerosis (MS) medications centers on a serious brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The JC virus (JCV) is a common virus that most people carry without symptoms. It usually remains dormant…
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but serious brain infection caused by the JC virus, which can become active in people with weakened immune systems. In multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment, certain disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), especially immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs,…
Alemtuzumab is a powerful medication used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in patients with active relapsing forms of the disease. Its effect on MS relapses is significant because it works by targeting and depleting specific immune cells that contribute…
Cladribine is a medication used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly the relapsing forms of the disease. Its effectiveness lies in its ability to reduce the frequency of MS relapses (flare-ups) and slow the progression of disability over time. Cladribine…
Rituximab plays a significant role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) by targeting and depleting B cells, which are immune cells involved in the disease’s progression. It is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to CD20, a protein found…
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that primarily infects B cells, a type of white blood cell essential for immune function. Research on EBV and B cell therapy is a rapidly evolving field that explores how EBV infects and…
Stress hormones play a crucial role in the flare-ups of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system. The primary stress hormones involved are…
Mindfulness meditation has gained increasing attention as a supportive practice for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neurological condition characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, pain, cognitive difficulties, and emotional challenges. The evidence for mindfulness meditation in MS…
Neuroplasticity plays a fundamental role in the recovery process of multiple sclerosis (MS) by enabling the brain and nervous system to adapt, reorganize, and compensate for damage caused by the disease. MS is characterized by immune-mediated attacks on myelin—the protective…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition primarily known for its effects on physical movement and coordination. However, research over recent decades has increasingly highlighted that MS also significantly impacts cognitive function, leading to what is often called cognitive…