What should you do if a person with dementia is having trouble swallowing

When someone with dementia has trouble swallowing, it can be a challenging and concerning situation. Swallowing difficulties, known as dysphagia, are common as dementia progresses, but there are several strategies you can use to help.

First, it’s crucial to ensure there are no underlying issues like mouth infections or inflammation. You can gently rub your finger from the top of the throat under the chin to the jaw to check for any discomfort or blockages.

Dietary modifications are key. Foods should be easy to swallow, so mashing or pureeing them can help. Some people find that certain foods are easier to manage than others; for example, fish and casseroled chicken might be better than red meat. Avoiding “hamstering” food, where the person stores food in their cheeks, is important. You can lightly run your fingers down the outside of their throat to stimulate the swallowing reflex.

Thickening drinks can also be beneficial. Products like instant food thickening powders can make liquids safer to swallow by reducing the risk of aspiration. However, these can sometimes be unpalatable, so it’s important to find a balance.

In addition to dietary changes, swallowing therapy can be very effective. This involves exercises to strengthen the muscles used for swallowing and techniques to improve control over food and liquids. A healthcare professional can tailor these exercises to the individual’s needs.

Lastly, creating a calm and distraction-free environment during meals can help reduce stress and make eating easier. By combining these strategies, you can help make mealtime safer and more enjoyable for someone with dementia who is experiencing swallowing difficulties.