What are the Side Effects of Amphetamine?

**Understanding Amphetamine Side Effects: What You Need to Know**

Amphetamines are stimulant drugs used medically for conditions like ADHD, but they also carry risks of side effects and misuse. Here’s a straightforward breakdown of their potential effects on the body and mind.

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### **Common Physical Side Effects**
– **Sleep issues**: Trouble falling or staying asleep (insomnia) is frequent, especially if taken later in the day[4][5].
– **Appetite loss**: Reduced hunger can lead to unintended weight loss[2][4].
– **Heart changes**: Faster heartbeat, high blood pressure, or palpitations may occur[1][4].
– **Headaches and dizziness**: Often reported, alongside dry mouth or nausea[4][5].

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### **Mental and Emotional Effects**
– **Mood swings**: Irritability, nervousness, or emotional outbursts are common[2][5].
– **Anxiety and agitation**: Feelings of tension or restlessness may worsen existing mental health issues like bipolar disorder[4][1].
– **Psychotic symptoms**: High doses can cause paranoia, hallucinations, or confusion resembling schizophrenia[1][4].

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### **Long-Term Risks**
– **Dependence**: Regular use increases the risk of addiction due to dopamine system changes in the brain[1][3].
– **Brain changes**: Chronic misuse (especially methamphetamine) may damage dopamine pathways linked to mood and movement control[1].

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### When It Gets Dangerous: Overdose Signs
Severe cases might involve extreme fever (hyperthermia), muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis), heart attacks, or seizures. Agitation paired with a racing heart requires urgent medical help—treatment often includes sedatives like benzodiazepines and cooling measures for overheating[1][3].

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### Who Should Be Cautious?
People with heart conditions, anxiety disorders, thyroid problems, glaucoma, or a history of substance abuse face higher risks. Doctors often adjust doses for those with kidney disease to reduce complications[4].

By understanding these effects early—whether using amphetamines as prescribed or encountering misuse—you can make informed choices about health risks. Always consult a doctor if side effects disrupt daily life.