What are the most common causes of chronic pain in older adults

Chronic pain is a common challenge for many older adults, affecting their daily lives and overall well-being. Understanding the most frequent causes of this persistent discomfort can help in managing it better.

One of the leading causes of chronic pain in older adults is **arthritis**, especially osteoarthritis. This condition involves inflammation and damage to joints like hips, knees, hands, and feet. As cartilage wears down over time, bones may rub together causing stiffness and soreness that often worsen with age[2][5]. Rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases such as lupus also contribute by causing inflammatory pain due to tissue damage[1][5].

**Back pain** is another widespread source of chronic discomfort among seniors. It can stem from various issues including herniated discs, spinal fractures, or degenerative changes in the spine. Poor posture over years—like slouching while sitting or standing—can lead to muscle weakness and imbalances that aggravate back problems[2][1]. Injuries from falls or accidents may cause lasting damage resulting in ongoing pain as well[5].

Nerve-related problems are common too. Conditions like peripheral neuropathy or pinched nerves cause nerve pain that feels sharp, burning, or tingling. These issues arise when nerves are damaged either by disease (such as diabetes) or injury[5].

Another important factor behind chronic pain is **inflammation**, which acts quietly but persistently inside the body. Chronic low-level inflammation has been linked not only to arthritis but also fibromyalgia—a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain—and other conditions like thyroid dysfunction or Lyme disease[1][4]. Lifestyle factors such as poor diet high in processed foods, lack of exercise, stress, and exposure to toxins can worsen this inflammation.

In summary:

– Arthritis (especially osteoarthritis) causes joint inflammation leading to stiffness and soreness.
– Back problems from degenerative changes or injuries result in persistent spinal pain.
– Nerve damage leads to sharp nerve-related pains.
– Chronic inflammation underlies many painful conditions including fibromyalgia.

These causes often overlap making chronic pain complex but recognizing them helps guide effective treatments like physical therapy, medication adjustments, lifestyle changes including diet improvements and gentle exercise—all aimed at reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for older adults living with chronic pain[1][2][5].