What Are Hot Flashes and Why Do They Happen

Hot flashes are a common symptom experienced by many women, particularly during menopause or as a result of certain medical treatments. They are characterized by a sudden sensation of warmth, often starting in the face and neck, which can spread throughout the body. This warmth is usually accompanied by visible signs such as reddening of the skin and sweating. Some women may also experience palpitations, feelings of panic, or irritability during these episodes.

Hot flashes are primarily linked to changes in hormone levels, specifically a decrease in estrogen. During menopause, the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen, leading to these symptoms. Similarly, treatments for conditions like breast cancer that affect hormone production can also trigger hot flashes. For instance, hormone therapy used in breast cancer treatment often lowers or stops sex hormone production, resulting in hot flashes.

These episodes can vary in duration, typically lasting between two to four minutes, but they can occur frequently throughout the day and night. Nighttime hot flashes, often referred to as night sweats, can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to fatigue and anxiety.

Understanding why hot flashes happen can help women manage them better. The sudden drop in estrogen levels affects the body’s thermostat, leading to the dilation of blood vessels near the skin’s surface. This dilation causes the skin to warm up rapidly, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of a hot flash.

While hot flashes are a natural part of menopause for many women, they can also be a side effect of medical treatments. Knowing the cause and understanding the symptoms can help women seek appropriate relief and support, whether through lifestyle changes, natural remedies, or medical interventions.