Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a psychological treatment originally developed to alleviate distress associated with traumatic memories. It involves guided eye movements or other bilateral stimulation while the patient recalls distressing events, aiming to reduce the emotional impact of these memories. EMDR has been widely studied and is recognized as an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions[1].
When considering the safety and applicability of EMDR therapy for people with Alzheimer’s disease, several factors must be examined. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired executive functioning. These symptoms can complicate the delivery and effectiveness of psychotherapies that require active cognitive engagement, such as EMDR.
Currently, there is limited direct research specifically addressing the safety and efficacy of EMDR therapy in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Most EMDR studies focus on trauma-related disorders in the general population or in older adults without significant cognitive impairment[1]. The cognitive demands of EMDR—such as recalling traumatic memories and maintaining attention during bilateral stimulation—may pose challenges for people with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s, who often experience difficulties with memory retrieval and sustained concentration.
However, some evidence suggests that adapted psychotherapeutic approaches can be beneficial for older adults with cognitive decline. For example, creative therapies like art therapy have shown promise in improving emotional regulation and cognitive function in older adults at risk of Alzheimer’s or with mild cognitive impairment[4]. These therapies engage brain regions involved in memory and emotion without requiring the same level of cognitive processing as EMDR.
In terms of safety, EMDR is generally considered a low-risk intervention when conducted by trained professionals. It does not involve medication or invasive procedures, which reduces the risk of physical side effects. Nevertheless, in people with Alzheimer’s, there is a theoretical concern that recalling traumatic memories could cause distress or confusion, potentially exacerbating behavioral symptoms such as agitation or anxiety. Careful clinical judgment is necessary to weigh potential benefits against risks in this population.
Other brain stimulation therapies, such as Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Deep TMS), are being investigated for cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease, but these are distinct from EMDR and involve different mechanisms and safety profiles[2]. Deep TMS is a non-invasive procedure targeting brain circuits and is still under research for Alzheimer’s.
In summary, while EMDR therapy is safe and effective for trauma-related disorders in the general population, its use in people with Alzheimer’s disease is not well studied. The cognitive impairments inherent in Alzheimer’s may limit the feasibility and effectiveness of EMDR. Clinicians considering EMDR for Alzheimer’s patients should proceed cautiously, tailoring the approach to the individual’s cognitive abilities and monitoring for adverse emotional reactions. Alternative therapies that require less cognitive demand, such as art therapy, may offer safer and more accessible options for emotional support in this group[4].
Sources:
[1] Br Med Bull. 2025 Sep 26;156(1):ldaf015. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldaf015
[2] Moment of Clarity, Deep TMS Therapy overview
[4] Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2018; Zhao et al., Effects of creative expression therapy for older adults with mild cognitive impairment
