Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) in seniors is a condition where the joints move beyond the normal range expected for their age, often due to laxity or looseness in the connective tissues like ligaments and tendons. This increased joint flexibility, while sometimes harmless in younger people, can have significant and complex effects on older adults, impacting their mobility, pain levels, and overall quality of life.
As people age, their joints and connective tissues naturally lose some elasticity and strength. However, seniors with joint hypermobility syndrome experience the opposite: their joints remain unusually flexible or loose, which can lead to joint instability. This instability increases the risk of joint injuries such as sprains, subluxations (partial dislocations), or full dislocations. Because the joints do not have the usual support from tight ligaments, seniors may find themselves more prone to falls or sudden joint injuries, which can be more serious due to age-related bone fragility.
One of the main challenges for seniors with JHS is chronic joint pain. The excessive movement in the joints causes abnormal wear and tear on cartilage and surrounding tissues, often leading to early onset osteoarthritis. This arthritis can cause stiffness, swelling, and persistent discomfort, making everyday activities like walking, climbing stairs, or even standing for long periods difficult. The pain can be widespread, affecting multiple joints such as knees, hips, shoulders, and fingers, which complicates management and reduces independence.
Muscle fatigue and weakness are also common in seniors with joint hypermobility syndrome. Because the joints are unstable, muscles must work harder to stabilize them. Over time, this extra effort can lead to muscle exhaustion and decreased strength, which further reduces joint support and increases the risk of injury. Additionally, impaired proprioception—the body’s ability to sense joint position—often accompanies JHS, making seniors less aware of their limb positions. This can cause clumsiness, poor balance, and coordination problems, all of which contribute to a higher likelihood of falls.
Beyond the musculoskeletal system, joint hypermobility syndrome in seniors can be associated with other symptoms that affect overall health. Fatigue is frequently reported, possibly due to the constant muscular effort to stabilize joints and the chronic pain that disrupts sleep. Some seniors may experience autonomic nervous system symptoms such as dizziness or light-headedness when standing, known as orthostatic intolerance, which can further increase fall risk.
Skin changes may also be present in some seniors with hypermobility syndrome, especially if it is part of a broader connective tissue disorder like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The skin might be unusually soft, fragile, or prone to bruising and slow healing, which complicates wound care and increases the risk of infections after minor injuries.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems are another possible issue. Seniors with hypermobility may experience jaw pain, clicking, or difficulty opening the mouth fully, which can affect eating and speaking. This can be compounded by muscle fatigue and tension in the face and neck.
Managing joint hypermobility syndrome in seniors requires a comprehensive approach. Physical therapy plays a crucial role, focusing on strengthening muscles around the joints to improve stability and reduce pain. Low-impact exercises such as swimming or cycling can help maintain joint mobility without causing excessive strain. Occupational therapy may assist seniors in adapting daily activities to protect their joints and maintain independence.
Pain management is also important and may include medications, heat or cold therapy, and sometimes joint supports or braces to limit excessive movement. Because proprioception is often impaired, balance training and fall prevention strategies are essential to reduce injury risk.
Seniors with joint hypermobility syndrome often benefit from a multidisciplinary care team that addresses not only the musculoskeletal symptoms but also associated issues like fatigue, autonomic symptoms, and skin care. Education about the condition helps seniors understand their bodies better and encourages adherence to treatment plans.
In summary, joint hypermobility syndrome in seniors lead