Recent research suggests that weight loss medications like Ozempic and Wegovy may potentially improve cognitive function in obese patients with Alzheimer’s disease, though more studies are needed to confirm these effects.
GLP-1 receptor agonists, the class of drugs that includes semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), have shown promise for reducing dementia risk in several large observational studies. A 2024 study of over 1 million patients with type 2 diabetes found that semaglutide was associated with a 70% lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease over 3 years compared to insulin[1]. Another 2025 study of about 200,000 people with diabetes reported that GLP-1 drugs were linked to a lower risk of neurocognitive disorders including Alzheimer’s[1].
These medications appear to have multiple mechanisms that could benefit brain health. They help reduce risk factors for dementia like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Animal studies show GLP-1 drugs may reduce amyloid-beta plaques in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease[1]. They also seem to improve insulin signaling in the brain and reduce inflammation, both of which are implicated in cognitive decline[1].
For obese patients already diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, weight loss itself may provide cognitive benefits. Excess body fat, especially around the midsection, is associated with increased inflammation and insulin resistance that can negatively impact brain function. Losing weight through any means, including GLP-1 medications, could potentially improve these metabolic factors.
However, it’s important to note that no GLP-1 drugs are currently FDA-approved specifically for preventing or treating dementia[1]. The cognitive effects seen in studies so far have mostly been in people with diabetes taking these drugs for blood sugar control. Clinical trials are still needed to determine if these medications can directly improve cognition in Alzheimer’s patients.
There are also some risks to consider with GLP-1 medications. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea[4]. Rapid weight loss in older adults or those with dementia could potentially lead to muscle loss or nutritional deficiencies if not carefully monitored.
Ultimately, while the early research on GLP-1 drugs and brain health is promising, more evidence is needed before they can be recommended specifically for cognitive function in Alzheimer’s patients. For now, the best-established ways to support brain health include regular exercise, a healthy diet rich in vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids, social engagement, and mentally stimulating activities[6].
Anyone considering weight loss medications should discuss the potential benefits and risks with their doctor. For Alzheimer’s patients, this decision should involve their care team and take into account their overall health status and treatment goals. As research progresses, we may gain more clarity on whether these drugs could play a role in cognitive care for people with dementia.
