Medications should be reviewed regularly for fall risk because many drugs can increase the likelihood of falls, especially in older adults, and falls can lead to serious injuries, loss of independence, and even death. Regular medication review helps identify and reduce the use of medications that contribute to balance problems, dizziness, sedation, or other side effects that impair mobility and cognitive function, thereby lowering the risk of falls.
As people age, their bodies process medications differently, often making them more sensitive to side effects. Polypharmacy—the use of multiple medications—is common in older adults and can increase the risk of adverse drug interactions that affect balance and alertness. Certain classes of medications, such as psychotropics (including benzodiazepines and antidepressants), sedatives, antihypertensives, and some pain medications, are known to increase fall risk by causing dizziness, sedation, low blood pressure, or confusion. Regular review allows healthcare providers to assess whether these medications are still necessary, whether doses can be reduced, or if safer alternatives exist.
Medication review is not just about stopping drugs but involves a careful, ongoing process called deprescribing, where medications are evaluated systematically to optimize therapy and minimize harm. This process is especially important in residential aged care facilities, where residents often have complex health needs and are at higher risk of falls. Successful medication reviews typically involve collaboration among healthcare providers, including the patient’s usual prescriber, and use of specific tools or algorithms to guide decisions. Reviews should be conducted at least every six months or more frequently if the patient’s condition changes.
Beyond reducing fall risk, medication review improves overall health outcomes by preventing adverse drug events, reducing hospitalizations, and enhancing quality of life. It also supports other fall prevention strategies, such as balance and strength exercises, vision checks, and home safety modifications, by removing or minimizing medication-related impairments.
In clinical practice, programs like the CDC’s STEADI initiative emphasize medication review as a core element of fall prevention. Healthcare providers are encouraged to screen older adults for fall risk, assess modifiable factors including medications, and intervene accordingly. This coordinated approach helps reduce the incidence of falls and their associated healthcare costs.
In summary, regular medication review is essential because it addresses a modifiable risk factor for falls, helps tailor treatment to the patient’s current health status, and supports safer aging by minimizing medication-related impairments that contribute to falls.