The role of exercise in maintaining cognitive function in dementia
Exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining and even improving cognitive function in people with dementia. Research shows that physical activity can help slow down cognitive decline, enhance memory, and support executive functions such as planning, attention, and problem-solving.
One of the key ways exercise benefits the brain is by promoting changes at the cellular level. For example, studies involving animal models of Alzheimer’s disease—a common form of dementia—have found that regular exercise leads to positive changes in gene activity within the hippocampus. This part of the brain is essential for memory formation and learning. Exercise encourages the growth of new neurons there, which helps maintain brain plasticity even when neurodegenerative processes are underway.
Beyond biological effects, exercise also improves blood flow to the brain and reduces inflammation—both important factors for preserving cognitive health. People with dementia who engage in consistent physical activity tend to experience better overall thinking abilities compared to those who remain sedentary.
Importantly, these benefits are not limited by age or health status; exercise has been shown to improve cognition across all ages and conditions. Different types of workouts—from aerobic activities like walking or cycling to resistance training—can contribute positively. Resistance exercises may be especially effective at slowing cognitive decline.
In addition to direct effects on cognition, exercise supports mental well-being by reducing symptoms like depression or anxiety that often accompany dementia. It also encourages social interaction when done in groups or classes, which further stimulates cognitive engagement.
Overall, incorporating regular physical activity into daily routines offers a practical way for individuals with dementia—and those at risk—to maintain sharper thinking skills longer than would otherwise be expected without intervention. The growing body of evidence highlights how movement is not just good for muscles but vital for keeping minds active too.
