What is Type 2 Diabetes? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how your body controls blood glucose, or sugar. It occurs when your body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps move sugar from your blood into your cells for energy. Over time, your pancreas may also produce less insulin, further complicating the situation.
### Causes of Type 2 Diabetes
The causes of type 2 diabetes are multifaceted. Key factors include obesity, lack of physical activity, and older age. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and a history of certain health conditions like heart disease, gestational diabetes, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can also increase your risk. Additionally, having a family history of diabetes or belonging to certain ethnic groups, such as African American, Latino, American Indian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander, can elevate your risk.
### Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may not appear immediately and can develop gradually. Common signs include frequent urination, increased thirst and hunger, blurred vision, and numbness in your fingers or toes. These symptoms occur because your body is unable to effectively use insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.
### Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Treatment for type 2 diabetes focuses on managing blood sugar levels to prevent complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage. This typically involves lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and losing weight if necessary. Medications, including metformin, are often prescribed to help your body use insulin more effectively or to reduce glucose production in the liver. In some cases, insulin therapy may be recommended.
Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly is crucial to ensure that your treatment plan is working effectively. Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are also important to adjust your treatment as needed and to monitor for any potential complications. By managing type 2 diabetes effectively, you can significantly reduce the risk of serious health issues and improve your overall quality of life.
