What are the most important menopause facts

Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life marking the end of her reproductive years. It usually happens between the ages of 45 and 55, with the average age being around 51 or 52. However, it can occur earlier or later for some women[1][3].

Before menopause officially begins, there is a phase called perimenopause. This period can last from one to ten years and typically starts in a woman’s 40s. During perimenopause, hormone levels—especially estrogen and progesterone—begin to fluctuate as the ovaries gradually run out of eggs. These hormonal changes cause symptoms like hot flushes, mood swings, irregular periods (which may be lighter or heavier), and sometimes even changes in ovulation patterns[1][2][3].

Menopause itself is confirmed when a woman has gone without her period for twelve consecutive months without other causes such as pregnancy or illness. After this point, she enters postmenopause—the years following menopause where menstruation has stopped completely but some symptoms may continue[3].

One important fact about menopause is that fertility declines but does not disappear immediately during perimenopause; pregnancy is still possible until menopause occurs[1][2].

Menopausal symptoms vary widely among women: some experience very mild effects while others face severe challenges that impact daily life. Common physical symptoms include hot flushes and night sweats, while mental health can also be affected significantly during this time. Women are at higher risk for mood changes such as depression and anxiety during perimenopause due to fluctuating estrogen levels affecting brain chemistry[4][5]. Symptoms like sleep disturbances and “brain fog” often overlap with these mental health issues.

Understanding these facts helps normalize what many women go through during midlife transitions:

– Menopause marks the end of menstrual cycles.
– Perimenopause precedes menopause with fluctuating hormones causing various symptoms.
– Fertility decreases but pregnancy remains possible until full menopause.
– Symptoms range from physical (hot flushes) to emotional (mood swings).
– Mental health risks increase around this time due to hormone changes.

Knowing these basics supports better awareness and empathy for those experiencing menopause while encouraging appropriate care strategies if needed[1][2][3][4].