Recent research suggests that blood pressure medications may have positive effects on cognitive health, particularly in older adults. A study published in Neurology in February 2025 found that intensive blood pressure control was associated with long-term cognitive benefits[1].
The study, conducted by researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, followed up on the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). It examined the effects of intensive versus standard blood pressure treatment on cognitive function over a median follow-up period of seven years[1].
Participants in the intensive treatment group aimed for a systolic blood pressure goal of less than 120 mm Hg, while those in the standard treatment group aimed for less than 140 mm Hg. The results showed that intensive blood pressure control was linked to lower rates of mild cognitive impairment and a composite of mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia[1].
This research builds on previous studies suggesting that controlling blood pressure may help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. A 2022 study indicated that the longer a person’s blood pressure remains under control, the lower their risk for cognitive decline or dementia[3].
The connection between blood pressure and cognitive health is not surprising, given that high blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the brain over time. Dr. José Morales, a vascular neurologist, explains that elevated blood pressure can lead to end-organ damage in the brain, which may result in cognitive impairment[3].
While medications are often necessary to manage hypertension, lifestyle and dietary changes are typically recommended as first-line approaches. When these fail to adequately control blood pressure, medications become necessary[3].
It’s important to note that the effects of high blood pressure on cognition likely occur over a period of decades. Some studies suggest that midlife (40s to early 60s) is a critical period during which much of the damage may occur[3].
In addition to blood pressure medications, other strategies can help maintain cognitive health as we age. Reading, for example, has been shown to offer numerous benefits for mental stimulation and memory retention. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities like reading can slow cognitive decline and may even reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease[4].
While these findings are promising, it’s crucial to remember that managing blood pressure is just one aspect of maintaining overall health. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and engaging in mentally stimulating activities all play important roles in promoting cognitive health as we age.
As always, individuals should consult with their healthcare providers before making any changes to their medication regimens or treatment plans. Healthcare professionals can provide personalized advice based on an individual’s specific health needs and risk factors.
